Sexual dysfunction

PubMed Free Full Text

Transgender persons, gender dysphoria, gender incongruence

Asia-Pacific

• United Nations Development Programme
  • Blueprint for the Provision of Comprehensive Care for Trans People and Trans Communities in Asia and the Pacific [2015]

Australia

• Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
  • Transgender People with HIV
  • Trans and gender diverse people

• Australian Family Physician
  • Gender dysphoria [2015]

• Australian Human Rights Commission
  • Guidelines for the inclusion of transgender and gender diverse people in sport [2019]

• Australian Journal of General Practice
  • Urological focus on gender affirmation surgery [2024]
  • Supporting the health of trans patients in the context of Australian general practice [2020]
  • Hormone therapy for trans and gender diverse patients in the general practice setting [2020]
  • Bisexual mental health and gender diversity: Findings from the ‘Who I Am’ study [2020]

• LGBT Health
  • The Health and Well-Being of Transgender Australians: A National Community Survey [2021]

• Medical Journal of Australia
  • Australian standards of care and treatment guidelines for transgender and gender diverse children and adolescents [2018]

Australia, New Zealand

• Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists
  • The role of psychiatrists in working with Trans and Gender Diverse people [2023]

Bhutan

• PLoS ONE
  • Stigma and discrimination against transgender men in Bhutan [2023]
  • Population size estimation of transgender women and men in Bhutan [2022]

Brazil

• Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde
  • Access pathways to the transsexualizing process in Brazil: a scoping review [2025]

• International Journal for Equity in Health
  • Social and programmatic vulnerability in the context of transgender people's health: a scoping review of scientific evidence from Brazil [2024]

• Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia
  • Prevalence of syphilis in transgender women and travestis in Brazil: results from a national cross-sectional study [2024]
  • Prevalence of HIV infection among transgender women and travestis in Brazil: data from the TransOdara study [2024]
  • Hepatitis A, B and C prevalence among transgender women and travestis in five Brazilian capitals between 2019-2021 [2024]

• Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
  • Contraceptive Counseling for the Transgender Patient Assigned Female at Birth [2022]
  • Recommendations for the Use of Testosterone in Male Transgender [2018]

• Revista de Saúde Pública
  • Systematic review on health care for transvestites and transsexuals in Brazil [2023]

• Scientific Reports
  • Proportion of people identified as transgender and non-binary gender in Brazil [2021]

Canada

• Alberta Health Services
  • Gender-Affirming Primary Care Pathway for Adults

• BMJ Open
  • Outcome measurement for gender-affirming care in Canada: a systematic review [2025]

• Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
  • Primary Care Initiated Gender-Affirming Therapy for Gender Dysphoria: A Review of Evidence Based Guidelines [2020]
  • Gender Affirming Therapy for Gender Dysphoria: A Rapid Qualitative Review [2020]

• Canadian Family Physician
  • Hypergranulation management following penile inversion vaginoplasty [2024]

• Canadian Paediatric Society
  • An affirming approach to caring for transgender and gender-diverse youth [2023]

• CMAJ
  • Management of gender dysphoria in adolescents in primary care [2019]

• CMAJ Open
  • Health care access among transgender and nonbinary people in Canada, 2019: a cross-sectional survey [2021]

• Ontario Health
  • Overarching Policy for the Screening of Trans People in the Ontario Breast Screening Program and the Ontario Cervical Screening Program [2021]

Caribbean

• Pan American Health Organization
  • Blueprint for the Provision of Comprehensive Care for Trans Persons and Their Communities in the Caribbean and Other Anglophone Countries [2014]

China

• JAMA Network Open
  • Mental Health Status of Cisgender and Gender-Diverse Secondary School Students in China [2020]

• Lancet Public Health
  • The mental health of transgender and gender non-conforming people in China: a systematic review [2021]

Denmark

• Andrology
  • Gender affirming hormonal treatment in Danish transgender persons: A nationwide register-based study [2022]

• Danish Health Authority
  • Guide on healthcare related to gender identity [2018]

• Fertility and Sterility
  • Gender incongruence and timing of puberty: a population-based cohort study [2022]

Dominican Republic

• AIDS Patient Care and STDs
  • Transgender Women in Dominican Republic: HIV, Stigma, Substances, and Sex Work [2021]

Europe

• BMC Public Health
  • The significance of structural stigma towards transgender people in health care encounters across Europe: Health care access, gender identity disclosure, and discrimination in health care as a function of national legislation and public attitudes [2023]

• European Academy of Paediatrics
  • European Academy of Paediatrics statement on the clinical management of children and adolescents with gender dysphoria [2024]

• European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology
  • Endocrine management of transgender and gender diverse adolescents: expert opinion of the ESPE Working Group on Gender Incongruence and the Endo-ERN main thematic group on Sexual Development and Maturation [2024]

• European Society for Sexual Medicine
  • ESSM Position Statement "Sexual Wellbeing After Gender Affirming Surgery" [2022]

• European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights
  • Access to transgender hormone therapy | European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights

• Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
  • Toward a Lowest Effective Dose of Cyproterone Acetate in Trans Women: Results From the ENIGI Study [2021]

• Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
  • Effects of hormonal treatment on dermatological outcome in transgender people: a multicentric prospective study (ENIGI) [2023]

Finland

• BMC Psychiatry
  • Discontinuing hormonal gender reassignment: a nationwide register study [2024]

• Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health
  • Two years of gender identity service for minors: overrepresentation of natal girls with severe problems in adolescent development [2015]

France

• Académie nationale de médecine
  • Medicine and gender transidentity in children and adolescents [2022]

• Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology
  • Adverse effects of gender-affirming hormonal therapy in transgender persons: Assessing reports in the French pharmacovigilance database [2022]

Germany

• Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
  • Gender Identity Disorders Among Young People in Germany: Prevalence and Trends, 2013-2022 [2024]
  • Hormonal Gender Reassignment Treatment for Gender Dysphoria [2020]

• JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
  • Acceptance, Use, and Barriers of Telemedicine in Transgender Health Care in Times of SARS-CoV-2: Nationwide Cross-sectional Survey [2021]

High-income countries

• Archives of Disease in Childhood
  • Psychosocial support interventions for children and adolescents experiencing gender dysphoria or incongruence: a systematic review [2024]
  • Care pathways of children and adolescents referred to specialist gender services: a systematic review [2024]

India

• Indian Journal of Medical Research
  • The need for targeted behavioural HIV-related interventions for transgender women in India: A scoping review [2022]

• Indian Pediatrics
  • Adolescent Health Academy Statement on the Care of Transgender Children, Adolescents, and Youth [2023]

• National Portal for Transgender Persons
  • Guidelines

International

• Annals of Translational Medicine
  • Systematic review of fertility preservation options in transgender patients: a guide for plastic surgeons [2021]

• Archives of Disease in Childhood
  • Masculinising and feminising hormone interventions for adolescents experiencing gender dysphoria or incongruence: a systematic review [2024]
  • Interventions to suppress puberty in adolescents experiencing gender dysphoria or incongruence: a systematic review [2024]
  • Clinical guidelines for children and adolescents experiencing gender dysphoria or incongruence: a systematic review of recommendations (part 2) [2024]
  • Clinical guidelines for children and adolescents experiencing gender dysphoria or incongruence: a systematic review of guideline quality (part 1) [2024]
  • Characteristics of children and adolescents referred to specialist gender services: a systematic review [2024]

• Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
  • Desire for children and fertility preservation in transgender and gender-diverse people: A systematic review [2023]

• BMJ Open
  • International clinical practice guidelines for gender minority/trans people: systematic review and quality assessment [2021]

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • Transgender health in medical education [2021]
  • Ensuring an inclusive global health agenda for transgender people [2017]

• Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
  • How gender dysphoria and incongruence became medical diagnoses - a historical review [2022]

• International Journal for Equity in Health
  • The integration of sex and gender considerations in health policymaking: a scoping review [2021]

• International Planned Parenthood Federation
  • Gender assessment toolkit [2019]
  • IMAP statement on hormone therapy for transgender people [2015]

• JAMA Network Open
  • Implementation of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Gender-Affirming Care Worldwide: A Systematic Review [2023]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • The World Health Organization's work and recommendations for improving the health of trans and gender diverse people [2022]
  • Global scoping review of HIV prevention research with transgender people: Transcending from trans-subsumed to trans-centred research [2021]
  • Putting the t in tools: a roadmap for implementation of new global and regional transgender guidance [2016]

• Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology
  • Puberty suppression in transgender children and adolescents [2017]

• PLoS ONE
  • Instruments used to assess gender-affirming healthcare access: A scoping review [2024]
  • The worldwide burden of HIV in transgender individuals: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]

• Transgender Health
  • Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Transgender Persons: A Systematic Review [2020]
  • Consensus Parameter: Research Methodologies to Evaluate Neurodevelopmental Effects of Pubertal Suppression in Transgender Youth [2020]
  • Guidance and Ethical Considerations for Undertaking Transgender Health Research and Institutional Review Boards Adjudicating this Research [2017]

• UN Women
  • Inputs for the Report on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity and Peace and Security: Submission from UN Women to the UN Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity [2022]

• UNAIDS
  • HIV and transgender and other gender-diverse people — Human rights fact sheet series 2021 [2021]

• United Nations Population Fund
  • Technical Brief: Transgender People and HIV in Prisons and other Closed Settings [2022]
  • Implementing Comprehensive HIV and STI Programmes with Transgender People: Practical Guidance for Collaborative Interventions (the “TRANSIT”) [2016]

• World Professional Association for Transgender Health
  • World professional association for transgender health guidelines: 2022 surgical treatment updates in the standards of care for transgender and gender diverse people [2023]
  • Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8 [2022]
  • Statement in response to calls for banning evidence-based supportive health interventions for transgender and gender diverse youth [2020]
  • Electronic medical records and the transgender patient: recommendations from the World Professional Association for Transgender Health EMR Working Group [2013]

Italy

• Journal of Clinical Medicine
  • Prevalence and Correlates of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Transgender People: An Italian Multicentric Cross-Sectional Study [2022]

• La Clinica Terapeutica
  • Identity and reproductive rights of transgenders: are current legal and ethical frameworks soon to be outdated? Medicolegal implications of potentially life-changing decisions [2022]

Latin America

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Factors associated with long-term HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis engagement and adherence among transgender women in Brazil, Mexico and Peru: results from the ImPrEP study [2022]
  • HIV prevention among transgender women in Latin America: implementation, gaps and challenges [2016]

Low and middle income countries

• BMJ Global Health
  • Health of transgender men in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review [2020]

Netherlands

• BJU International
  • Incidence of testicular cancer in trans women using gender-affirming hormonal treatment: a nationwide cohort study [2022]

• Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy
  • The Dutch Protocol for Juvenile Transsexuals: Origins and Evidence [2023]

New Zealand

• Family Practice
  • Supportive interactions with primary care doctors are associated with better mental health among transgender people: results of a nationwide survey in Aotearoa/New Zealand [2022]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • PrEP awareness and protective barrier negotiation among transgender people attracted to men in Aotearoa New Zealand [2022]

• Ministry of Health New Zealand
  • Impact of Puberty Blockers in Gender-Dysphoric Adolescents: An evidence brief [2024]

• New Zealand Medical Journal
  • Guidelines for Gender Affirming Healthcare for Gender Diverse and Transgender Children, Young People and Adults in Aotearoa, New Zealand [2018]

Norway

• Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
  • Being a man, but using the body as a woman - Norwegian midwives' thoughts on providing antenatal care for pregnant transmen [2023]

Philippines

• Global Health Research and Policy
  • Intersectionality and the invisibility of transgender health in the Philippines [2022]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Trans-inclusive HIV services are needed in the Philippines' post-pandemic recovery [2023]

• WHO Western Pacific Region
  • Policy brief : transgender health and HIV in the Philippines [2016]

Poland

• Endokrynologia Polska
  • Framework guidelines for the process of caring for the health of adolescent transgender (T) and non-binary (NB) people experiencing gender dysphoria - the position statement of the expert panel [2025]

• Psychiatria Polska
  • Recommendations of the Polish Sexological Society on medical care in transgender adults - position statement of the expert panel [2021]

South Africa

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Differentiated HIV services for transgender people in four South African districts: population characteristics and HIV care cascade [2022]

• Southern African HIV Clinicians Society
  • Southern African HIV Clinicians' Society gender-affirming healthcare guideline for South Africa [2021]

Spain

• Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría
  • Spanish research in gender dysphoria: A review of more than 20 years of biomedical literature [2020]

• Anales de Pediatría (English Edition)
  • Clinical practice guidelines for transsexual, transgender and gender diverse minors [2022]

Sweden

• National Board of Health and Welfare (Socialstyrelsen)
  • Summary of Key Recommendations from the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare (Socialstyrelsen/NBHW) - Children and youth <18 with gender dysphoria / gender incongruence [2022]

• Scientific Reports
  • Validity of the Gender Dysphoria diagnosis and incidence trends in Sweden: a nationwide register study [2021]

• Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services
  • A systematic review of hormone treatment for children with gender dysphoria and recommendations for research [2023]

Switzerland

• Clinical Infectious Diseases
  • Identifying and Characterizing Trans Women in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study as an Epidemiologically Distinct Risk Group [2022]

Taiwan

• Archives of Sexual Behavior
  • Prevalence and Comorbidity of Gender Dysphoria in Taiwan, 2010-2019 [2023]

Thailand

• Scientific World Journal
  • The Development of Sex Reassignment Surgery in Thailand: A Social Perspective [2014]

United Kingdom

• Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England
  • The case for bilateral mastectomy and male chest contouring for the female-to-male transsexual [2013]

• Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
  • Gender-affirming surgery for transgender Adolescents: Ethical and legal considerations [2023]

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Accessing and utilising gender-affirming healthcare in England and Wales: trans and non-binary people’s accounts of navigating gender identity clinics [2021]

• BMJ Open
  • Demographic characteristics, long-term health conditions and healthcare experiences of 6333 trans and non-binary adults in England: nationally representative evidence from the 2021 GP Patient Survey [2023]

• British Medical Association
  • Inclusive care of trans and non-binary patients

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • A Scoping Review of Transgender Policies in the 15 Most Commonly Played UK Professional Sports [2023]

• NHS England
  • Review of the NHS adult gender dysphoria clinics in England: terms of reference and key lines of enquiry [2024]
  • Clinical commissioning policy: prescribing of gender affirming hormones (masculinising or feminising hormones) as part of the children and young people’s gender service [2024]
  • Clinical Policy: Puberty suppressing hormones [2024]
  • Prescribing of Cross-Sex Hormones as part of the Gender Identity Development Service for Children and Adolescents [2016]

• Postgraduate Medical Journal
  • Current management of male-to-female gender identity disorder in the UK [2007]

• Royal College of General Practitioners
  • Transgender care

• Royal College of Psychiatrists
  • Supporting transgender and gender-diverse people [2018]

• Scottish Government
  • Specialist gender services for children and young people: progress report [2024]

United States

• Aesthetic Surgery Journal
  • Nationwide Estimates of Gender-Affirming Chest Reconstruction in the United States, 2016-2019 [2023]

• AIDS and Behavior
  • Determinants of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Implementation in Transgender Populations: A Qualitative Scoping Review [2023]

• AIDS Patient Care and STDs
  • Barriers and Facilitators to HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Uptake, Adherence, and Persistence Among Transgender Populations in the United States: A Systematic Review [2022]

• American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Practice parameter on gay, lesbian, or bisexual sexual orientation, gender nonconformity, and gender discordance in children and adolescents [2012]

• American Academy of Pediatrics
  • Ensuring Comprehensive Care and Support for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children and Adolescents [2018]

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
  • Health Care for Transgender and Gender Diverse Individuals [2021]

• American College of Radiology
  • Transgender Breast Cancer Screening

• American Family Physician
  • Caring for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Persons: What Clinicians Should Know [2018]

• American Heart Association
  • Assessing and Addressing Cardiovascular Health in People Who Are Transgender and Gender Diverse: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association [2021]

• American Journal of Clinical Oncology
  • Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Disparities in Transgender People [2022]

• American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Abortion experiences and preferences of transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive people in the United States [2020]

• American Psychiatric Association
  • A Guide for Working With Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Patients

• American Psychological Association
  • Guidelines for Psychological Practice With Transgender and Gender Nonconforming People [2015]

• American Society for Reproductive Medicine
  • Access to fertility services by transgender and nonbinary persons: an Ethics Committee opinion [2021]

• Annals of Behavioral Medicine
  • State-Level Policy Stigma and Non-Prescribed Hormones Use among Trans Populations in the United States: A Mediational Analysis of Insurance and Anticipated Stigma [2022]

• Annals of Epidemiology
  • Prevention-effective adherence trajectories among transgender women indicated for PrEP in the United States: a prospective cohort study [2022]

• Annals of Family Medicine
  • Insurance Coverage and Use of Hormones Among Transgender Respondents to a National Survey [2020]

• Annual Review of Public Health
  • Health and Health Care Among Transgender Adults in the United States [2022]

• Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses
  • Provision of Human Milk in the Context of Gender Diversity: AWHONN Practice Brief Number 15 [2021]

• Behavioral Medicine
  • The Roles of Gender Affirmation and Discrimination in the Resilience of Transgender Individuals in the US [2020]

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Oscillating US Department of Defense policies and medical record documentation of gender dysphoria in service members: an observational time-series analysis [2024]

• BMC Public Health
  • Racial/ethnic differences in the association between transgender-related U.S. state policies and self-rated health of transgender women [2024]

• Cell Reports Medicine
  • Legislation restricting gender-affirming care for transgender youth: Politics eclipse healthcare [2022]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Among Transgender Women — Seven Urban Areas, United States, 2019–2020 [2024]
  • Epidemiologic and Clinical Features of Mpox in Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adults — United States, May–November 2022 [2023]
  • Factors Associated with Use of HIV Prevention and Health Care Among Transgender Women — Seven Urban Areas, 2019–2020 [2022]
  • HIV Partner Service Delivery Among Transgender Women — United States, 2013–2017 [2020]
  • HIV Testing Among Transgender Women and Men — 27 States and Guam, 2014–2015 [2017]

• Clinicalinfo
  • Transgender People With HIV

• Endocrine Nurses Society
  • Endocrine Nurses Society Position Statement on Transgender and Gender Diverse Care [2021]

• Endocrine Practice
  • Assessing and Addressing the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism Across the Spectrum of Gender Affirming Care: A Review [2023]

• Endocrine Society
  • Endocrine Treatment of Gender-Dysphoric/Gender-Incongruent Persons: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline [2017]

• Endotext
  • Medical Interventions for Transgender Youth

• Federal Practitioner
  • Transgender Care in the Primary Care Setting: A Review of Guidelines and Literature [2018]

• Frontiers in Endocrinology
  • Clinicians in the Veterans Health Administration initiate gender-affirming hormone therapy in concordance with clinical guideline recommendations [2024]
  • Disparities in health condition diagnoses among aging transgender and cisgender medicare beneficiaries, 2008-2017 [2023]

• Health Services Research
  • Medicaid coverage for gender-affirming surgery: A state-by-state review [2024]

• International Antiviral Society-USA
  • Management and Prevention of HIV Among Transgender Adults [2020]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • A Review of Patient Experiences and Provider Education to Improve Transgender Health Inequities in the USA [2023]

• JAMA Network Open
  • Prevalence of Gender-Affirming Surgical Procedures Among Minors and Adults in the US [2024]
  • National Estimates of Gender-Affirming Surgery in the US [2023]

• Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
  • Geographic Variation in HIV Testing Among Transgender and Nonbinary Adults in the United States [2022]

• Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
  • Formative development of a fertility decision aid for transgender adolescents and young adults: a multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study [2020]

• Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
  • Proper Care of Transgender and Gender Diverse Persons in the Setting of Proposed Discrimination: A Policy Perspective [2021]

• Journal of Community Health
  • Breast Cancer Screening Recommendations for Transgender and Gender Diverse Patients: A Knowledge and Familiarity Assessment of Primary Care Practitioners [2023]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Ethical HIV research with transgender and non-binary communities in the United States [2022]
  • An evaluation of nine culturally tailored interventions designed to enhance engagement in HIV care among transgender women of colour in the United States [2022]

• LGBT Health
  • State-Level Policies and Health Outcomes in U.S. Transgender Adolescents: Findings from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey [2023]
  • Medical Gender Affirmation and HIV and Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention in Transgender Youth: Results from the Survey of Today's Adolescent Relationships and Transitions, 2018 [2021]
  • Fertility Preservation Legislation in the United States: Potential Implications for Transgender Individuals [2019]

• Milbank Quarterly
  • State-Level Transgender-Specific Policies, Race/Ethnicity, and Use of Medical Gender Affirmation Services among Transgender and Other Gender-Diverse People in the United States [2020]

• National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
  • Measuring Sex, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation [2022]

• North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
  • NASPAG Clinical Opinion: The Care of Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Adolescents and Young Adults [2024]

• Pediatric Endocrine Society
  • A self-guided curriculum on endocrinology standard of care for gender diverse youth, including ethical considerations [2023]

• Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open
  • Mastectomy in Transgender and Cisgender Patients: A Comparative Analysis of Epidemiology and Postoperative Outcomes [2019]
  • Epidemiologic Characteristics and Postoperative Complications following Augmentation Mammaplasty: Comparison of Transgender and Cisgender Females [2019]

• PLoS ONE
  • Cardiovascular disease risk among transgender women living with HIV in the United States [2020]

• Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders
  • Gender Dysphoria in Pediatric and Transitional-Aged Youth Hospitalized for Suicidal Behaviors: A Cross-National Inpatient Study [2023]

• Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases
  • Incidence of prostate cancer in transgender women in the US: a large database analysis [2025]

• Sexually Transmitted Diseases
  • Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Genital and Extragenital Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Among Transgender Women in HIV Care in the United States, 2005 to 2016 [2021]

• Society of Family Planning
  • Society of Family Planning clinical recommendations: Contraceptive counseling for transgender and gender diverse people who were female sex assigned at birth [2020]

• Topics in Antiviral Medicine
  • Providing gender-affirming care to transgender and gender-diverse individuals with and at risk for HIV [2023]

• Translational Andrology and Urology
  • Cancer screening in the transgender population: a review of current guidelines, best practices, and a proposed care model [2020]

• White House
  • Protecting Children from Chemical and Surgical Mutilation [2025]

Western countries

• Human Systems: Therapy, Culture and Attachments
  • Evolving national guidelines for the treatment of children and adolescents with gender dysphoria: International perspectives [2024]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • Recommended package of enabling and health interventions for HIV, viral hepatitis and STI prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for trans and gender diverse people: policy brief [2023]
  • Frequently asked questions on health and sexual diversity: an introduction to key concepts [2016]
  • HIV and young transgender people [2015]
  • Transgender people
  • Gender incongruence and transgender health in the ICD

Zambia

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Reaching transgender populations in Zambia for HIV prevention and linkage to treatment using community-based service delivery [2022]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Sexual health, male and female sexual disorders