Neonatology

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Neonatal analgesia and anesthesia

Australia

• WA Health
  • Pain Assessment and Management

Canada

• Canadian Paediatric Society
  • Managing pain in newborns: A multidimensional approach [2024]
  • Best practices in pain assessment and management for children [2022]
  • Premedication for endotracheal intubation in the newborn infant [2011]

China

• European Journal of Pediatrics
  • Development of the neonatal pain response variable set: a mixed methods consensus process [2024]

Europe

• British Journal of Anaesthesia
  • Morbidity and mortality after anaesthesia in early life: results of the European prospective multicentre observational study, neonate and children audit of anaesthesia practice in Europe (NECTARINE) [2021]

• European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care
  • Pain and sedation management and monitoring in pediatric intensive care units across Europe: an ESPNIC survey [2022]
  • Clinical recommendations for pain, sedation, withdrawal and delirium assessment in critically ill infants and children: an ESPNIC position statement for healthcare professionals [2016]

• European Standards of Care for Newborn Health
  • Support during painful procedures and pain assessment

Europe, United States

• Jornal de Pediatria
  • Analgesia and sedation for intratracheal intubation in the neonatal period: an integrative literature review [2023]

Germany

• Paediatric & Neonatal Pain
  • Existence and perceived application of pain management protocols in German neonatal intensive care units [2022]

Greece

• Frontiers in Pediatrics
  • Changes in Physicians' Perceptions and Practices on Neonatal Pain Management Over the Past 20 Years. A Survey Conducted at Two Time-Points [2021]

International

• Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
  • Sucrose analgesia for heel-lance procedures in neonates [2023]
  • Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates [2023]

• Enhanced Recovery After Surgery
  • Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) consensus recommendations for opioid-minimising pharmacological neonatal pain management [2024]

• European Journal of Pediatrics
  • A global cross-sectional survey on neonatal analgosedation: unveiling global trends and challenges through latent class analysis [2025]

• Frontiers in Pediatrics
  • State of the Art in Parent-Delivered Pain-Relieving Interventions in Neonatal Care: A Scoping Review [2021]
  • Culturally Based Practice in Neonatal Procedural Pain Management: A Mini Review [2020]

• Indian Pediatrics
  • Comparative Efficacy of Interventions for Analgesia During Heel Prick in Newborn Infants - A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis [2024]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Effect of Non-Pharmacological Methods in the Reduction of Neonatal Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2023]

• International Journal of Nursing Studies
  • Prolonged pain in premature neonates hospitalised in neonatal intensive care units: A scoping review [2024]

• Pain
  • The use and reporting of neonatal pain scales: a systematic review of randomized trials [2021]

Italy

• Italian Journal of Pediatrics
  • Sedation and analgesia practices at Italian neonatal intensive care units: results from the EUROPAIN study [2017]

• Società Italiana di Neonatologia
  • Current practices in neonatal pain management: a decade after the last Italian survey [2025]

Japan

• Advances in Neonatal Care
  • A Quality Improvement Collaborative Program for Neonatal Pain Management in Japan [2017]

• Frontiers in Pediatrics
  • Consensus core outcome rating for the Japanese neonatal pain guidelines [2023]

Kenya

• Lancet Child & Adolescent Health
  • Development of locally relevant clinical guidelines for procedure-related neonatal analgesic practice in Kenya: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

Malaysia

• BMC Research Notes
  • Neonatal preintubation sedation: a national survey in Malaysia [2015]

New Zealand

• Starship
  • Post-operative management of ex-premature infants and full-term neonates having anaesthesia

Nigeria

• African Health Sciences
  • Neonatal pain perception, management and review of practises among medical workers in Nigeria newborn units [2023]

Poland

• Journal of Mother and Child
  • Usefulness of two types of pain monitors in newborns treated in NICU, in the opinion of experts: results of the survey [2021]

Republic of Korea

• Asian Nursing Research
  • Perceptions on Pain Management among Korean Nurses in Neonatal Intensive Care Units [2014]

• Korean Journal of Anesthesiology
  • Neonatal anesthesia: how we manage our most vulnerable patients [2015]

Saudi Arabia

• Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia
  • Premedication for neonatal intubation: Current practice in Saudi Arabia [2012]

Spain

• Sociedad Española de Neonatología
  • Sedoanalgesia in neonatal units [2021]
  • Material and sedation-analgesia in the neonatal lumbar puncture procedure [2021]

Turkey

• Turkish Archives of Pediatrics
  • Turkish Neonatal Society guideline on the neonatal pain and its management [2018]

United Kingdom

• BJA Education
  • Anaesthesia for premature infants [2021]

• BMJ Paediatrics Open
  • Sedation and analgesia from prolonged pain and stress during mechanical ventilation in preterm infants: is dexmedetomidine an alternative to current practice? [2022]

• Right Decisions
  • Oral sucrose for procedural pain
  • Neonatal pain guideline

• Royal College of Anaesthetists
  • Guidelines for the Provision of Paediatric Anaesthesia Services 2024 [2023]

United States

• Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine
  • ABM Clinical Protocol #23: Nonpharmacological Management of Procedure-Related Pain in the Breastfeeding Infant, Revised 2016 [2016]

• American Academy of Pediatrics
  • Prevention and Management of Procedural Pain in the Neonate: An Update [2016]
  • Premedication for Nonemergency Endotracheal Intubation in the Neonate [2010]

• Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports
  • A Guide to Pain Assessment and Management in the Neonate [2016]

• Society for Pediatric Anesthesia
  • The Society for Pediatric Anesthesia recommendations for the use of opioids in children during the perioperative period [2019]

• StatPearls
  • Neonatal Anesthesia

Western countries

• Journal of Neonatal Nursing
  • A systematic review of clinical practice guidelines for the assessment and management of pain in neonates [2025]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Newborn