Sexually transmitted infections in pregnancy : Guidelines, reviews, epidemiology

Maternal and neonatal infections

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Sexually transmitted infections in pregnancy

Americas - Asia - Asia-Pacific - Australia - Brazil - Canada - Central Asia, Europe - Egypt - Ethiopia - Haiti, Sub-Saharan Africa - India - International - Ireland - Jamaica - Japan - Kenya - Low and middle income countries - Nepal - Netherlands - New Zealand - Nigeria - Oman - Pacific Islands - Papua New Guinea - Puerto Rico - South Africa - Sub-Saharan Africa - Sweden - Tanzania - Ukraine - United Kingdom - United States - WHO - WHO Western Pacific Region - {Related topics}

Pan American Health Organization
- Elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis in the Americas. Update 2016 [2017]
- Field Guide for Implementation of the Strategy and Plan of Action for Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and Congenital Syphilis in the Americas [2014]

PLoS ONE
- A systematic review of barriers and facilitators to antenatal screening for HIV, syphilis or hepatitis B in Asia: Perspectives of pregnant women, their relatives and health care providers [2024]

WHO Western Pacific Region
- Regional framework for the triple elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, hepatitis B and syphilis in Asia and the Pacific, 2018-2030 [2018]

Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
- Bloodborne viruses and sexually transmissible infections in antenatal care [2022]
- Pregnant people

PLoS ONE
- Maternal HIV and syphilis are not syndemic in Brazil: Hot spot analysis of the two epidemics [2021]

Canada's Drug Agency
- Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae During Pregnancy: A Health Technology Assessment [2018]

Public Health Agency of Canada
- Acceptability, feasibility, equity and resource use for prenatal screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea: A systematic review [2024]
- Recommendations on Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Pregnancy

Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
- Intrauterine Fetal Diagnostic Testing in Women with Chronic Viral Infections [2020]

Central Asia, Europe

WHO European Region
- WHO regional technical consultation on monitoring progress and supporting capacity building to validate dual elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and congenital syphilis: 17-18 December 2015, Astana, Kazakhstan: report [2016]

BMC Public Health
- Exploring the prevalence of chlamydial and gonorrheal infections in pregnant women: a multicenter study in Egypt [2024]

International Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (HIV, hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus type 2, and syphilis) in pregnant women in Ethiopia: Trends over 10 years (2005–2014) [2019]

Haiti, Sub-Saharan Africa

Journal of the International AIDS Society
- Progress towards the elimination of vertical transmission of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B in 21 high-burden countries [2026]

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare India
- National Guidelines for Elimination of Vertical Transmission of HIV and Syphilis [2024]

Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
- Association between human papillomavirus and preterm delivery: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

BMJ Open
- Adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes associated with Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

Clinical Microbiology and Infection
- Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C virus infections in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]

Current HIV/AIDS Reports
- Opportunities to Optimize Outcomes of Diagnosis and Treatment of HIV and Syphilis in Pregnancy: the Quest to Eliminate Maternal and Vertical Transmission [2025]

Journal of Pregnancy
- HPV in Pregnancy: Implications for Screening, Vaccination, and Maternal-Fetal Health [2026]

Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes associated with Mycoplasma genitalium: systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
- Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pregnancy: A Narrative Review of the Global Research Gaps, Challenges, and Opportunities [2020]

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, hepatitis B and C and syphilis [2021]

Ireland's Health Services
- Preventing Perinatal Transmission [2015]

Ministry of Health and Wellness Jamaica
- Guidelines for the Prevention of Vertical Transmission of HIV & Syphilis [2020]

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Current Status of Condylomata Acuminata in Pregnant Japanese Women [2016]

Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Sexually transmitted infections during pregnancy and subsequent risk of stillbirth and infant mortality in Kenya: a prospective study [2019]

Low and middle income countries

BMJ Global Health
- Barriers and facilitators to HIV and syphilis rapid diagnostic testing in antenatal care settings in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review [2022]

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
- Rapid systematic review of interventions to improve antenatal screening rates for syphilis, hepatitis B, and HIV in low- and middle-income countries [2024]

Journal of Global Health
- The impact of antibiotic treatment for syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhoea during pregnancy on birth outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]

PLoS ONE
- Economic evaluation of point-of-care testing and treatment for sexually transmitted and genital infections in pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review [2021]

Sexually Transmitted Diseases
- Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pregnancy: A Narrative Review of the Global Research Gaps, Challenges, and Opportunities [2020]
- Short Report: Acceptability and Feasibility of Rapid Chlamydial, Gonococcal, and Trichomonal Screening and Treatment in Pregnant Women in Six Low-to-Middle Income Countries [2018]
- Prevalence of Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pregnant Women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries From 2010 to 2015 [2016]

Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia
- Cost-effectiveness of integrated maternal HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B screening opt-out strategies in Nepal: a modelling study [2025]

BMC Public Health
- Evaluating progress towards triple elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B in the Netherlands [2019]

Reproductive Health
- Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, and Trichomonas vaginalis infections among pregnant women and male partners in Dutch midwifery practices: prevalence, risk factors, and perinatal outcomes [2021]

New Zealand Herpes Foundation
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding [2024]

Antiviral Therapy
- Seroprevalence, seroconversion, and mother-to-child transmission of dual and triplex infections of HIV, HBV, and HCV among Nigerian obstetric population: A national multicentre prospective cohort study [2025]

SAGE Open Medicine
- Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among pregnant women with single, dual or triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in Nigeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal
- Oman eliminates mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis [2024]

Pacific Islands

Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific
- Progress towards triple elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, hepatitis B and syphilis in Pacific Island Countries and Territories: a systematic review [2023]

Papua New Guinea

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
- Investigating health service availability and readiness for antenatal testing and treatment for HIV and syphilis in Papua New Guinea [2022]

Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal
- Elimination of the Perinatal Transmission of HIV and Syphilis in Puerto Rico and Sustained Success since 2007: Convergence of Science, Women-Centered Care, and Policy [2021]

Journal of the International AIDS Society
- The effect of STI screening during pregnancy on vertical transmission of HIV and adverse pregnancy outcomes in South Africa: a modelling study [2025]

National Department of Health South Africa
- Guideline for Vertical Transmission Prevention of Communicable Infections [2023]

Sub-Saharan Africa

Bulletin of the World Health Organization
- Eliminating mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, syphilis and hepatitis B in sub-Saharan Africa [2021]

Frontiers in Public Health
- Political prioritization of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis: a qualitative comparative policy analysis in Ghana, Mozambique, and Sudan [2026]

Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Prevalence of curable STIs and bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Sexually transmitted infections in pregnant women from sub-Saharan Africa [2021]

Virology Journal
- Sero-prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus–hepatitis B virus (HIV–HBV) co-infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and the associated risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

PLoS Medicine
- Associations of treated and untreated human papillomavirus infection with preterm delivery and neonatal mortality: A Swedish population-based study [2021]

BMC Public Health
- Prevalence of HIV and syphilis infections among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Tanzania, 2011 [2015]

PLoS ONE
- Prevalence and associated factors for HIV, HBV and syphilis coinfections among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Tanzania [2025]

WHO European Region
- Report on 2018–2019 pre-validation assessment of elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis in Ukraine [2020]

Women's Health
- Managing Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pregnant Women [2012]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Pregnant Women - STI Treatment Guidelines [2021]
- Trends and Characteristics of Sexually Transmitted Infections During Pregnancy: United States, 2016-2018 [2020]

Clinical Infectious Diseases
- Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pregnant People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Temporal Trends, Demographic Correlates, and Association With Preterm Birth [2022]

Clinicalinfo
- Hepatitis C Virus/HIV Coinfection

JAMA Network Open
- Sexually Transmitted Infection Treatment Rates Among Pregnant vs Nonpregnant Patients in Emergency Departments [2026]

Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease
- Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Testing in Pregnancy: Time to Improve Adherence and Update Recommendations [2024]

Sexual Health
- STD testing among pregnant women in the United States, 2011-2015 [2020]

Sexually Transmitted Diseases
- Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Pregnancy: Trends in United States, 2010 to 2018 [2021]
- Assessing the Burden of Infant Deaths Due to Herpes Simplex Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Congenital Syphilis: United States, 1995 to 2017 [2021]

World Health Organization
- Country guidance for planning triple elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B virus programmes [2025]
- Introducing a framework for implementing triple elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B virus: policy brief [2023]
- Governance for the validation of elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B virus: an overview of validation structures and responsibilities at national, regional and global levels [2022]
- Global guidance on criteria and processes for validation: elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B virus [2021]
- Governance guidance for the validation of elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis: an overview of validation structures and responsibilities at national, regional and global levels [2020]
- Dual HIV/syphilis rapid diagnostic tests can be used as the first test in antenatal care: policy brief [2019]
- Standard protocol to assess prevalence of gonorrhoea and chlamydia among pregnant women in antenatal care clinics [2018]
- Triple elimination initiative of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B
- Dual HIV/syphilis rapid diagnostic tests
- Antiretrovirals in pregnancy research toolkit

WHO Western Pacific Region

WHO Western Pacific Region
- Meeting of the Regional Advisory Group on Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV, Hepatitis B and Syphilis, and Accelerated Control of Viral Hepatitis in the Western Pacific Region, Manila, Philippines, 21-23 May 2024: meeting report [2024]
- Triple elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, hepatitis B and syphilis [2017]
- Expert Consultation on Triple Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV, Hepatitis B and Syphilis in the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines, 20-21 February 2017 : meeting report [2017]
- Eliminating mother to child transmission of HIV, hepatitis and syphilis

{Related topics}

Topic
- Trichomoniasis in pregnancy
- Sexually transmitted infections
- Infections in pregnancy
- Herpes infections in pregnancy and newborn
- Hepatitis in pregnancy and newborn
- HIV/AIDS in pregnancy and newborn
- Gonorrhea in pregnancy and newborn
- Congenital syphilis, syphilis in pregnancy
- Chlamydia infection in pregnancy