Maternal and neonatal infections

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Neonatal infections

Africa

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Prevalence of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria among neonates suspected for sepsis in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Treatment of neonatal infections: a multi-country analysis of health system bottlenecks and potential solutions [2015]

Brazil

• Archives of Public Health
  • Neonatal healthcare-associated infections in Brazil: systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]

• Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
  • Trend in infant mortality rate caused by sepsis in Brazil from 2009 to 2018 [2021]

Canada

• Canadian Neonatal Network
  • Variability in antimicrobial use among infants born at <33 weeks gestational age [2023]
  • Antibiotic use in Canadian neonatal intensive care units: a national survey for developing antimicrobial stewardship targets [2023]

• Canadian Paediatric Society
  • Reducing perinatal infection risk in newborns of mothers who received inadequate prenatal care [2023]
  • Management of well-appearing febrile young infants aged <=90 days [2023]
  • Management of term infants at increased risk for early onset bacterial sepsis [2017]
  • Preventing ophthalmia neonatorum [2015]

• Children
  • Neonates with Maternal Colonization of Carbapenemase-Producing, Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: A Mini-Review and a Suggested Guide for Preventing Neonatal Infection [2021]

• Neonatology
  • Decreasing Trend in Incidence of Late Onset Culture Positive Bloodstream Infections but Not Late Onset Meningitis in Preterm Infants <33 Weeks Gestation in Canadian Neonatal Intensive Care Unit [2022]

• Public Health Ontario
  • Ophthalmia Neonatorum

China

• Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials
  • Systematic review of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae causing neonatal sepsis in China [2019]

• Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control
  • Trends in the antimicrobial susceptibility among Chinese neonates from 2012 to 2021: a multicenter study [2024]
  • Pathogens distribution and antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections in twenty-five neonatal intensive care units in China, 2017–2019 [2021]

• Chinese Medical Journal
  • Neonatal sepsis: within and beyond China [2020]

• International Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology and microbiology of late-onset sepsis among preterm infants in China, 2015–2018: A cohort study [2020]

• Italian Journal of Pediatrics
  • The impact of early empirical antibiotics treatment on clinical outcome of very preterm infants: a nationwide multicentre study in China [2023]

• PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
  • The epidemiology and disease burden of congenital TORCH infections among hospitalized children in China: A national cross-sectional study [2022]

China, United States

• Global Health Action
  • Disease burden comparison and associated risk factors of early- and late-onset neonatal sepsis in China and the USA, 1990-2019 [2024]

Croatia

• Medical Science Monitor
  • A Survey of Current Prophylactic Treatment for Ophthalmia Neonatorum in Croatia and a Review of International Preventive Practices [2018]

Developing countries

• Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
  • Empiric Treatment of Neonatal Sepsis in Developing Countries [2015]

Ethiopia

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Prevalence and pathogen profiles of bacteremia in neonates hospitalized for clinical Sepsis in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• BMC Pediatrics
  • Neonatal sepsis and its association with birth weight and gestational age among admitted neonates in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

• Heliyon
  • The burden of neonatal sepsis and its association with antenatal urinary tract infection and intra-partum fever among admitted neonates in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]

• International Journal of Pediatrics
  • Prevalence of Neonatal Sepsis in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2020]

Europe

• Antibiotics
  • Variations in Antibiotic Use and Sepsis Management in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: A European Survey [2021]

• BMC Pediatrics
  • High variability in the dosing of commonly used antibiotics revealed by a Europe-wide point prevalence study: implications for research and dissemination [2015]

• European Society for Paediatric Research
  • Neonatal sepsis definitions from randomised clinical trials [2023]
  • Neonatal sepsis: a systematic review of core outcomes from randomised clinical trials [2022]
  • Neonatal sepsis: need for consensus definition, collaboration and core outcomes [2020]
  • Challenges in developing a consensus definition of neonatal sepsis [2020]

• European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
  • ESCMID-ECMM guideline: diagnosis and management of invasive aspergillosis in neonates and children [2019]

• European Standards of Care for Newborn Health
  • Management of suspected early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS)

• WHO European Region
  • Equivalence trials for sepsis in newborns and young infants: review of the statistical aspects of trials claiming [2021]

France

• Archives of Disease in Childhood
  • Therapeutic guidelines for prescribing antibiotics in neonates should be evidence-based: a French national survey [2015]

• EuroSurveillance
  • Severe and fatal neonatal infections linked to a new variant of echovirus 11, France, July 2022 to April 2023 [2023]

Haiti

• PLoS ONE
  • Early warning for healthcare acquired infections in neonatal care units in a low-resource setting using routinely collected hospital data: The experience from Haiti, 2014-2018 [2022]

Hong Kong

• Hong Kong Medical Journal
  • Congenital infections in Hong Kong: beyond TORCH [2020]
  • Congenital infections in Hong Kong: an overview of TORCH [2020]

• Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
  • Epidemiologic Changes of Neonatal Early-onset Sepsis After the Implementation of Universal Maternal Screening for Group B Streptococcus in Hong Kong [2023]

India

• Indian Pediatrics
  • Factors Associated With Neonatal Pneumonia and its Mortality in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • Risk factors of neonatal sepsis in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]

International

• Archives of Disease in Childhood
  • Global incidence and mortality of neonatal sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • Antibiotics needed to treat multidrug-resistant infections in neonates [2022]

• Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
  • Intravenous immunoglobulin for preventing infection in preterm and/or low birth weight infants [2020]
  • Interventions for preventing ophthalmia neonatorum [2020]

• EClinicalMedicine
  • A global point prevalence survey of antimicrobial use in neonatal intensive care units: The no-more-antibiotics and resistance (NO-MAS-R) study [2021]

• Frontiers in Pediatrics
  • Stratified Management for Bacterial Infections in Late Preterm and Term Neonates: Current Strategies and Future Opportunities Toward Precision Medicine [2021]

• Frontiers in Pharmacology
  • Simplified Dosing Regimens for Gentamicin in Neonatal Sepsis [2021]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality of neonatal sepsis and other neonatal infections, 1990-2019 [2023]

• Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
  • Oral antibiotics for neonatal infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]

• Lancet Infectious Diseases
  • Estimates of possible severe bacterial infection in neonates in sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia, and Latin America for 2012: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2014]

• Paediatrics and International Child Health
  • Reviewing the WHO guidelines for antibiotic use for sepsis in neonates and children [2018]

• Pediatric Research
  • Neonatal multidrug-resistant gram-negative infection: epidemiology, mechanisms of resistance, and management [2022]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Prevalence and clonal diversity of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae causing neonatal infections: A systematic review of 128 articles across 30 countries [2023]

• Vaccine
  • Neonatal infections: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunisation safety data [2016]

Iran

• PLoS ONE
  • Neonatal sepsis in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis on national prevalence and causative pathogens [2020]

Italy

• BMC Pediatrics
  • The use of ciprofloxacin and fluconazole in Italian neonatal intensive care units: a nationwide survey [2013]

• Italian Journal of Pediatrics
  • UPDATE - 2022 Italian guidelines on the management of bronchiolitis in infants [2023]
  • Antibiotic prophylaxis for ophthalmia neonatorum in Italy: results from a national survey and the Italian intersociety new position statements [2023]
  • Secondary prevention of early-onset sepsis: a less invasive Italian approach for managing neonates at risk [2018]
  • Revised recommendations concerning palivizumab prophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) [2015]
  • Inter-society consensus document on treatment and prevention of bronchiolitis in newborns and infants [2014]

Japan

• Scientific Reports
  • Prevalence of infectious diseases in preterm infants: a 2-year follow-up from the Japan Environment and Children's Study [2022]

Kuwait

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiological contamination of mobile phones of clinicians in intensive care units and neonatal care units in public hospitals in Kuwait [2015]

Latvia

• Medicina
  • Antimicrobial usage among hospitalized children in Latvia: A neonatal and pediatric antimicrobial point prevalence survey [2014]

Low and middle income countries

• BioMed Research International
  • A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis of the Leading Pathogens Causing Neonatal Sepsis in Developing Countries [2021]

• BMC Public Health
  • The effect of umbilical cord cleansing with chlorhexidine on omphalitis and neonatal mortality in community settings in developing countries: a meta-analysis [2013]

• BMJ Paediatrics Open
  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic value of four biomarkers in detecting neonatal sepsis in low- and middle-income countries [2023]

• Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
  • Rational development of guidelines for management of neonatal sepsis in developing countries [2015]

• EClinicalMedicine
  • Infection prevention and care bundles addressing health care-associated infections in neonatal care in low-middle income countries: a scoping review [2022]

• Heliyon
  • Unfinished agenda of the neonates in developing countries: magnitude of neonatal sepsis: systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]

• JAMA Network Open
  • Neonatal Colonization With Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2024]

• Nature Microbiology
  • Characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacteria that cause neonatal sepsis in seven low- and middle-income countries [2021]

• Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
  • The Impact of Interventions to Prevent Neonatal Healthcare-associated Infections in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Systematic Review [2022]

• Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Respiratory infections in children born preterm in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review [2022]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Gram-negative neonatal sepsis in low- and lower-middle-income countries and WHO empirical antibiotic recommendations: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]

Low-income countries

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Burden of bacterial resistance among neonatal infections in low income countries: how convincing is the epidemiological evidence? [2015]

Nepal

• Archives of Public Health
  • Epidemiology of neonatal infections in hospitals of Nepal: evidence from a large- scale study [2020]

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Adherence to World Health Organisation guidelines for treatment of early onset neonatal sepsis in low-income settings; a cohort study in Nepal [2020]

Netherlands

• Acta Paediatrica
  • Multicentre study found that adherence to national antibiotic recommendations for neonatal early-onset sepsis was low [2021]
  • Neonatal early-onset sepsis calculator recommended significantly less empiric antibiotic treatment than national guidelines [2020]

• EClinicalMedicine
  • Neonatal early-onset infections: Comparing the sensitivity of the neonatal early-onset sepsis calculator to the Dutch and the updated NICE guidelines in an observational cohort of culture-positive cases [2022]

New Zealand

• Starship
  • Infection (congenital) [2023]
  • Immunisation - an overview for Newborn Services [2023]
  • Immunisation - cold chain management for newborn services [2020]
  • Conjunctivitis in the neonate [2020]
  • Antibiotics - for neonatal sepsis [2019]
  • Antibiotics - surgical wound prophylaxis in neonates [2018]

Norway

• Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition
  • Late-onset sepsis in very preterm infants in Norway in 2009-2018: a population-based study [2023]

OECD countries

• Journal of Clinical Medicine
  • Neonate Bloodstream Infections in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Countries: An Update on Epidemiology and Prevention [2019]

Republic of Korea

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
  • Impact of Palivizumab in Preventing Severe Acute Lower Respiratory Infection in Moderate-to-Late Preterm Infants: A Nationwide Cohort Study [2024]
  • Blood Culture Proven Early Onset Sepsis and Late Onset Sepsis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants in Korea [2015]

Spain

• Anales de Pediatría (English Edition)
  • Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of antibiotic and antifungical drugs in paediatric and newborn patients. Consensus Guidelines of the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy (SEFH) and the Spanish Society of Paediatric Infectious Diseases (SEIP) [2024]
  • Nirsevimab for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus disease in children. Statement of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Infectious Disease (SEIP) [2023]

• EuroSurveillance
  • Enhanced echovirus 11 genomic surveillance in neonatal infections in Spain following a European alert reveals new recombinant forms linked to severe cases, 2019 to 2023 [2024]

• Farmacia Hospitalaria
  • Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy and the Spanish Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (SEFH-SEIP) National Consensus Guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring of antibiotic and antifungal drugs in pediatric and newborn patients [2024]

• Sociedad Española de Neonatología
  • Recommendations of the Spanish Society of Neonatology for the prevention of severe respiratory syncytial virus infections with nirsevimab, for the 2024-2025 season [2024]
  • Health care-associated infections in neonatology [2024]
  • Recommendations of the Spanish Society of Neonatology for the prevention of severe respiratory syncytial virus infections with nirsevimab, for the 2023-2024 season [2023]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• BMJ Open
  • Risk factors for neonatal sepsis in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review with meta-analysis [2022]

• BMJ Paediatrics Open
  • Challenges and opportunities in neonatal sepsis management: insights from a survey among clinicians in 25 Sub-Saharan African countries [2024]

• Lancet Infectious Diseases
  • Maternal and early onset neonatal bacterial sepsis: burden and strategies for prevention in sub-Saharan Africa [2009]

Switzerland

• Swiss Society of Neonatology
  • Management of neonates at risk of early onset sepsis: a probability-based approach and recent literature appraisal : Update of the Swiss national guideline of the Swiss Society of Neonatology and the Pediatric Infectious Disease Group Switzerland [2024]
  • Recommendations for term and late preterm infants at risk for perinatal bacterial infection [2013]

Turkey

• Pediatrics and Neonatology
  • The prevalence and diagnostic criteria of health-care associated infections in neonatal intensive care units in Turkey: A multicenter point- prevalence study [2021]

• Turkish Archives of Pediatrics
  • Turkish Neonatal Society guideline on neonatal infections-diagnosis and treatment [2019]

United Kingdom

• Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition
  • Screening for early onset neonatal sepsis: NICE guidance-based practice versus projected application of the Kaiser Permanente sepsis risk calculator in the UK population [2020]

• Health Technology Assessment
  • Antimicrobial-impregnated central venous catheters for preventing neonatal bloodstream infection: the PREVAIL RCT [2020]

• Infant
  • Neonatal early onset sepsis: a reflection on the NICE guidance [2016]

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
  • Neonatal infection: antibiotics for prevention and treatment [2024]
  • Neonatal infection [2024]
  • Evidence reviews for maternal and neonatal risk factors for late-onset neonatal infection [2021]
  • Evidence reviews for maternal and neonatal risk factors for early-onset neonatal infection [2021]
  • Evidence review for timing of delivery to reduce the risk of early-onset neonatal infection [2021]
  • Evidence review for investigations before starting treatment for late-onset neonatal infection [2021]
  • Evidence review for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for reducing early-onset neonatal infection [2021]
  • Evidence review for information and support for parents and carers of babies with late-onset neonatal infection [2021]
  • Evidence review for antibiotics for treating late-onset neonatal infection [2021]
  • Evidence review for antibiotic-impregnated catheters for reducing late-onset neonatal infection [2021]

• NHSGGC Guidelines
  • Virological assessment of fetuses and neonates
  • Immunisation guideline for neonates
  • Eye infections in the neonate: Ophthalmia Neonatorum and the management of systemic Gonococcal and Chlamydial infections
  • Antibiotic guidelines for the neonatal unit

• PLoS ONE
  • Linking surveillance and clinical data for evaluating trends in bloodstream infection rates in neonatal units in England [2019]

• UK Health Security Agency
  • Infection prevention and control: incubators on neonatal units

United States

• American Academy of Pediatrics
  • Risks of Infectious Diseases in Newborns Exposed to Alternative Perinatal Practices [2022]
  • Management of Neonates Born at >=35 0/7 Weeks’ Gestation With Suspected or Proven Early-Onset Bacterial Sepsis [2018]
  • Management of Neonates Born at <=34 6/7 Weeks’ Gestation With Suspected or Proven Early-Onset Bacterial Sepsis [2018]
  • Umbilical Cord Care in the Newborn Infant [2016]
  • Strategies for Prevention of Health Care–Associated Infections in the NICU [2012]
  • Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Health Care–Associated Infections in the NICU [2012]

• Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
  • Association between Vancomycin Trough Concentration and Area under the Concentration-Time Curve in Neonates [2014]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Notes from the Field: Respiratory Viral Panel as an Early Diagnostic Tool for Neonatal Enterovirus Infection — San Diego, California 2023 [2024]

• Clinics in Perinatology
  • New Antibiotic Dosing [2014]

• Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology
  • The Association of State Legal Mandates for Data Submission of Central Line-associated Blood Stream Infections in Neonatal Intensive Care Units with Process and Outcome Measures [2014]

• Journal of Pediatrics
  • Reappraisal of Guidelines for Management of Neonates with Suspected Early-Onset Sepsis [2015]

• Journal of Perinatology
  • Respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations in US preterm infants after the 2014 change in immunoprophylaxis guidance by the American Academy of Pediatrics [2020]
  • Early-onset sepsis in term infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units (2011–2016) [2020]

• National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
  • Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles Among Neonatal Early-onset Sepsis Pathogens [2022]
  • Impact of Early-Onset Sepsis and Antibiotic Use on Death or Survival with Neurodevelopmental Impairment at 2 Years of Age among Extremely Preterm Infants [2020]
  • Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis 2015 to 2017, the Rise of Escherichia coli, and the Need for Novel Prevention Strategies [2020]
  • Prolonged duration of early antibiotic therapy in extremely premature infants [2019]
  • Incidence of early-onset sepsis in infants born to women with clinical chorioamnionitis [2018]
  • Late-onset Sepsis in Extremely Premature Infants: 2000-2011 [2017]
  • Late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight infants from singleton and multiple-gestation births [2013]
  • Early sepsis does not increase the risk of late sepsis in very low birth weight neonates [2013]

• National Perinatal Association
  • National Perinatal Association 2018 Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Prevention Clinical Practice Guideline: An Evidence-Based Interdisciplinary Collaboration [2017]

• Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease: Immunoprophylaxis Policy Review and Public Health Concerns in Preterm and Young Infants [2021]

• Seminars in Perinatology
  • Infection control and other stewardship strategies in late onset sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and localized infection in the neonatal intensive care unit [2020]

• Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Statement: Clinical considerations for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus disease in infants [2024]

• Society of Critical Care Medicine
  • American College of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Practice Parameters for Hemodynamic Support of Pediatric and Neonatal Septic Shock [2017]

Vietnam

• BMC Pediatrics
  • Reducing neonatal infections in south and south central Vietnam: the views of healthcare providers [2013]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • WHO recommendations for management of serious bacterial infections in infants aged 0-59 days: web annex: evidence base [2024]
  • WHO recommendations for management of serious bacterial infections in infants aged 0-59 days [2024]
  • Paediatric drug optimization for antibiotics [2023]
  • Operationalizing management of sick young infants with possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI) when referral is not feasible in the context of existing maternal, newborn, and child health programmes [2017]
  • Managing possible serious bacterial infection in young infants 0–59 days old when referral is not feasible: WHO/UNICEF joint statement [2017]
  • Guideline: managing possible serious bacterial infection in young infants when referral is not feasible [2015]
  • Newborn infections

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Zika virus infection in pregnancy and newborn
  • Tuberculosis in pregnancy
  • Trichomoniasis in pregnancy
  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Tetanus in pregnancy and newborn
  • Rubella
  • Obstetrics, perinatology
  • Neonatology
  • Malaria in pregnancy
  • Infections in pregnancy
  • Herpes infections in pregnancy and newborn
  • Hepatitis in pregnancy and newborn
  • Hepatitis
  • HIV/AIDS in pregnancy and newborn
  • HIV/AIDS
  • Group B streptococcal infections
  • Gonorrhea in pregnancy and newborn
  • Genital infections, sexually transmitted diseases
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • Congenital syphilis, syphilis in pregnancy
  • Chlamydia infection in pregnancy
  • Candidiasis in pregnancy and newborn
  • Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy