HIV/AIDS

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HIV/AIDS: substance use

Afghanistan

• Harm Reduction Journal
  • Recent HIV testing and self-reported HIV prevalence among men who inject drugs in Afghanistan: a nationwide survey in 2019-2020 [2025]

• HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care
  • Factors Associated with HIV Risk and Vulnerability Among Injecting Drug Users in Afghanistan: A Narrative Review [2022]

Africa

• Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy
  • The prevalence and factors associated with alcohol use disorder among people living with HIV/AIDS in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

Asia

• WHO South-East Asia Region
  • Treatment and care for HIV-positive injecting drug users: Module 4 - Managing opioid dependence [2007]
  • Treatment and care for HIV-positive injecting drug users: Module 12 - Continuing medical education [2007]
  • Treatment and care for HIV-positive injecting drug users: Module 9 - Management of coinfections in HIV-positive drug users [2007]
  • Treatment and care for HIV-positive injecting drug users: Module 8 - Drug interactions [2007]
  • Treatment and care for HIV-positive injecting drug users: Module 7 - Adherence counselling for injecting drug users [2007]
  • Treatment and care for HIV-positive injecting drug users: Module 6 - Managing ART in injecting drug users [2007]
  • Treatment and care for HIV-positive injecting drug users: Module 5 - Managing non-opioid drug dependence [2007]
  • Treatment and care for HIV-positive injecting drug users: Module 3 - Initial patient assessment [2007]
  • Treatment and care for HIV-positive injecting drug users: Module 2 - Comprehensive services for injecting drug users [2007]
  • Treatment and care for HIV-positive injecting drug users: Module 11 - Psychiatric illness, psychosocial care and sexual health [2007]
  • Treatment and care for HIV-positive injecting drug users: Module 10 - Managing pain in HIV-injected injecting drug users [2007]
  • Treatment and care for HIV-positive injecting drug users: Module 1 - Drug use and HIV in Asia [2007]

Asia-Pacific

• IeDEA
  • Prevalence and Risks of Depression and Substance Use Among Adults Living with HIV in the Asia-Pacific Region [2023]
  • Factors associated with reduced function and quality of life among adult people with HIV with depression and substance use in the Asia-Pacific region [2023]
  • HIV treatment outcomes among people who acquired HIV via injecting drug use in the Asia-Pacific region: a longitudinal cohort study [2021]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • HIV treatment outcomes among people who acquired HIV via injecting drug use in the Asia-Pacific region: a longitudinal cohort study [2021]

Australia

• Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
  • Substance Use Disorders and HIV

Cambodia

• Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy
  • Prevalence and risk factors of HIV infection among people who inject drugs in Cambodia: findings from a national survey [2019]

Canada, United States

• BMC Public Health
  • Systematic review of HIV treatment adherence research among people who inject drugs in the United States and Canada: evidence to inform pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence interventions [2019]

• Medical Care Research and Review
  • Coordinating Systems of Care for HIV and Opioid Use Disorder: A Systematic Review of Enablers and Barriers to Integrated Service Access, and Systems and Tools Required for Implementation [2022]

Central Asia

• Drug and Alcohol Dependence
  • Redressing the Epidemics of Opioid Overdose and HIV among People who Inject Drugs in Central Asia: The Need for a Syndemic Approach [2013]
  • Gender disparities in HIV infection among persons who inject drugs in Central Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2013]
  • A Review of Medical and Substance Use Co-Morbidities in Central Asian Prisons: Implications for HIV Prevention and Treatment [2013]

Central Asia, Europe

• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
  • HIV and people who inject drugs - Monitoring implementation of the Dublin Declaration on partnership to fight HIV/AIDS in Europe and Central Asia: 2018 progress report [2019]
  • Thematic report: People who inject drugs - Monitoring implementation of the Dublin Declaration on Partnership to Fight HIV/AIDS in Europe and Central Asia: 2014 progress [2015]

China

• AIDS and Behavior
  • Alcohol Use and Sexual Risk Behaviors and Outcomes in China: A Literature Review [2010]

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Regional differences in HIV prevalence among drug users in China: potential for future spread of HIV? [2008]

• BMJ Open
  • HIV virological failure and drug resistance among injecting drug users receiving first-line ART in China [2014]

• China CDC Weekly
  • Epidemiological Characteristics of Newly Diagnosed Cases of HIV through Injection Drug Use — China, 2012–2019 [2020]

Europe

• EuroSurveillance
  • HIV among injecting drug users in Europe : increasing trends in the East [2008]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Recreational drugs and HIV in Europe: current use of recreational drugs and principal HIV guidelines related recommendations [2014]

Georgia

• Harm Reduction Journal
  • Prevalence and predictors of condom use among people who inject drugs in Georgia [2025]

India

• BMC Public Health
  • HIV among people who inject drugs in India: a systematic review [2022]

• Medicine
  • Spatial heterogeneity of risk factors associated with HIV prevalence among men who inject drugs in India: An analysis of the data from the integrated bio-behavioral surveillance, India [2022]

International

• Drug and Alcohol Dependence
  • ART Uptake and Adherence among Women who use Drugs Globally: A Scoping Review [2020]

• European Journal of Public Health
  • HIV treatment, antiretroviral adherence and AIDS mortality in people who inject drugs: a scoping review [2023]

• Frontiers in Psychiatry
  • The HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis continuum of care among women who inject drugs: A systematic review [2022]

• IeDEA
  • Availability of substance use screening and treatment within HIV clinical sites across seven geographic regions within the IeDEA consortium [2024]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Integrating HIV and substance use services: a systematic review [2017]

• UNAIDS
  • Global AIDS targets 2025 for people who use drugs: Where are we now? [2024]
  • HIV and people who use drugs — Human rights fact sheet series 2021 [2021]
  • Health, rights and drugs — Harm reduction, decriminalization and zero discrimination for people who use drugs [2019]
  • Do no harm - Health, human rights and people who use drugs [2016]
  • A public health and rights approach to drugs [2015]

• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
  • HIV and AIDS

• United Nations Population Fund
  • HIV and young people who inject drugs [2015]

• World Bank
  • The Global HIV Epidemics among People Who Inject Drugs [2013]

Iran

• Harm Reduction Journal
  • Dual HIV risk and vulnerabilities among people who inject drugs in Iran: Findings from a nationwide study in 2020 [2024]

• WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
  • HIV prevention and care among injecting drug users in the Islamic Republic of Iran: a review of best practice [2008]

Kazakhstan

• JAMA Network Open
  • Effectiveness of an Intervention to Improve HIV Service Delivery for People Who Inject Drugs in Kazakhstan: A Cluster Trial [2022]

• Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
  • Social Network Strategy improves access to HIV testing and harm reduction programs for PWID and their partners in Kazakhstan [2023]

Kenya

• Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
  • HIV prevalence, estimated incidence, and risk behaviors among people who inject drugs in Kenya [2015]

Kyrgyzstan

• Drug and Alcohol Dependence
  • Police Education as a Component of National HIV Response: Lessons from Kyrgyzstan [2013]

Latin America

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • HIV and Substance Use in Latin America: A Scoping Review [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Is substance use associated with HIV cascade outcomes in Latin America? [2018]

Low and middle income countries

• AIDS and Behavior
  • Adherence to Antiretroviral Medications among Persons who Inject Drugs in Transitional, Low and Middle Income Countries: An International Systematic Review [2015]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Prevalence and co-occurrence of symptoms of mental and substance use disorders among people with HIV age 40 and older in low- and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study [2024]

Middle East, North Africa

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • HIV incidence among people who inject drugs in the Middle East and North Africa: mathematical modelling analysis [2018]

Pakistan

• Harm Reduction Journal
  • HIV incidence and associated risk factors in female spouses of men who inject drugs in Pakistan [2021]
  • Drug-related HIV epidemic in Pakistan: a review of current situation and response and the way forward beyond 2015 [2015]

Puerto Rico

• American Journal of Public Health
  • Addressing the HIV/AIDS Epidemic Among Puerto Rican People Who Inject Drugs: The Need for a Multiregion Approach [2014]

Russia

• Advances in Preventive Medicine
  • Development of Combination HIV Prevention Programs for People Who Inject Drugs through Government and Civil Society Collaboration in the Russian Federation [2012]

Russia, Ukraine

• Advances in Preventive Medicine
  • HIV Prevention and Rehabilitation Models for Women Who Inject Drugs in Russia and Ukraine [2012]

South Africa

• AIDS and Behavior
  • A Systematic Review of Risk Factors and Consequences of Nyaope Usage: The Illicit Street Drug Containing HIV Antiretrovirals [2023]

• Southern African HIV Clinicians Society
  • Southern African HIV Clinicians Society guidelines for harm reduction [2020]

Tanzania

• Advances in Preventive Medicine
  • An Overview of HIV Prevention Interventions for People Who Inject Drugs in Tanzania [2013]

Ukraine

• Addiction
  • At the crossroads: HIV prevention and treatment for people who inject drugs in Ukraine [2013]

• Drug and Alcohol Dependence
  • Integration of Health Services Improves Multiple Healthcare Outcomes Among HIV-infected People Who Inject Drugs in Ukraine [2013]

• Implementation Science
  • A novel, bottom-up approach to promote evidence-based HIV prevention for people who inject drugs in Ukraine: protocol for the MICT (‘Bridge’) HIV prevention exchange project [2014]

• International Journal of Drug Policy
  • Geographic variability in HIV and injection drug use in Ukraine: Implications for integration and expansion of drug treatment and HIV care [2014]

• Lancet Public Health
  • Extending a lifeline to people with HIV and opioid use disorder during the war in Ukraine [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • High rates of deferring antiretroviral treatment for patients with HIV and substance use disorders: Results from a national sample of HIV physicians in Ukraine [2024]
  • HIV treatment cascade among people who inject drugs in Ukraine [2020]

United Kingdom

• British HIV Association
  • Psychological wellbeing and use of alcohol and recreational drugs: results of the British HIV Association (BHIVA) national audit 2017 [2019]

• HIV Medicine
  • Epidemiology of HIV infection and associated behaviours among people who inject drugs in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland: Nearly 40 years on [2022]

• UK Health Security Agency
  • Shooting Up: infections among people who inject drugs in the UK

United States

• Addiction Science & Clinical Practice
  • Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among people who use drugs: a qualitative scoping review of implementation determinants and change methods [2024]

• AIDS and Behavior
  • The Prevalence and Negative Impacts of Substance Use Disorders among People with HIV in the United States: A Real-Time Delphi Survey of Key Stakeholders [2022]

• AIDS Care
  • Patient Recommendations for Opioid Prescribing in the Context of HIV Care: Findings from a Set of Public Deliberations [2020]

• American Journal of Preventive Medicine
  • Syringe Services Programs’ Role in Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S.: Why We Cannot Do It Without Them [2021]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • HIV Infection and HIV-Associated Behaviors Among Persons Who Inject Drugs — 23 Metropolitan Statistical Areas, United States, 2018 [2021]
  • Injection Practices and Sexual Behaviors Among Persons with Diagnosed HIV Infection Who Inject Drugs — United States, 2015–2017 [2019]
  • Vital Signs: Trends in HIV Diagnoses, Risk Behaviors, and Prevention Among Persons Who Inject Drugs — United States [2016]

• Clinicalinfo
  • Substance Use Disorders and HIV

• JAMA Network Open
  • Prevalence of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Prescribing Among Persons With Commercial Insurance and Likely Injection Drug Use [2022]

• Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
  • The Setting-Intervention Fit of Nine Evidence-Based Interventions for Substance Use Disorders Within HIV Service Organizations Across the United States: Results of a National Stakeholder-Engaged Real-Time Delphi Study [2022]

• New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute
  • Substance Use Screening, Risk Assessment, and Use Disorder Diagnosis in Adults [2024]
  • Substance Use Harm Reduction in Medical Care [2024]
  • Substance Use Care

Vietnam

• Implementation Science
  • Finding what works: identification of implementation strategies for the integration of methadone maintenance therapy and HIV services in Vietnam [2016]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • Pre-exposure prophylaxis for people who inject drugs: a systematic review [2014]
  • WHO, UNODC, UNAIDS technical guide for countries to set targets for universal access to HIV prevention, treatment and care for injecting drug users – 2012 revision [2012]
  • Interventions to address HIV in prisons : needle and syringe programmes and decontamination strategies [2007]
  • Interventions to address HIV in prisons : drug dependence treatments [2007]
  • Treatment of injecting drug users with HIV/AIDS: promoting access and optimizing service delivery [2006]
  • Basic Principles for Treatment and Psychosocial Support of Drug Dependent People Living with HIV/AIDS [2006]
  • Policy and programming guide for HIV/AIDS prevention and care among injecting drug users [2005]
  • Effectiveness of drug dependence treatment in prevention of HIV among injecting drug users [2005]
  • Advocacy guide : HIV/AIDS prevention among injecting users [2004]

WHO South-East Asia Region

• WHO South-East Asia Region
  • Report on people who inject drugs in the South-East Asia Region [2010]

Zambia

• AIDS Care
  • Intersection of alcohol use, HIV infection, and the HIV care continuum in Zambia: nationally representative survey [2023]

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  • HIV/AIDS