HIV/AIDS

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HIV/AIDS: sex workers

Africa

• WHO African Region
  • Preventing HIV in sex work settings in sub-Saharan Africa [2011]

Brazil

• Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
  • Factors associated with knowledge and use of hiv prevention strategies among female sex workers in 12 brazilian cities [2021]

• Medicine
  • Factors associated with HIV infection among female sex workers in Brazil [2018]

Burkina Faso

• PLoS ONE
  • The Cost of Providing Combined Prevention and Treatment Services, Including ART, to Female Sex Workers in Burkina Faso [2014]

Cambodia

• PLoS ONE
  • Risk factors of HIV infection among female entertainment workers in Cambodia: Findings of a national survey [2020]

Cameroon

• BMJ Global Health
  • Cost-effectiveness of health insurance among women engaged in transactional sex and impacts on HIV transmission in Cameroon: a mathematical model [2025]

Central Asia, Europe

• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
  • HIV and sex workers - Monitoring implementation of the Dublin Declaration on partnership to fight HIV/AIDS in Europe and Central Asia: 2022 progress report [2024]
  • Thematic report: Sex workers - Monitoring implementation of the Dublin Declaration on Partnership to Fight HIV/AIDS in Europe and Central Asia: 2014 progress [2015]

Central, East, and Southern Africa

• Lancet Global Health
  • The effect on HIV transmission and cost-effectiveness of programmes for female sex workers in East, Central, and Southern Africa: a modelling study [2024]

China

• Infectious Diseases of Poverty
  • Correlates of HIV self-testing among female sex workers in China: implications for expanding HIV screening [2020]

• International Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence, trends, and geographical distribution of HIV among Chinese female sex workers (2000–2011): implications for preventing sexually transmitted HIV [2015]

• PLoS ONE
  • Risk Behaviours among Female Sex Workers in China: A Systematic Review and Data Synthesis [2015]

Dominican Republic

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Exploring peer navigation and support in the quality of HIV care experiences of female sex workers in the Dominican Republic [2022]

• Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
  • Structural and Psychosocial Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HIV Care and Treatment Outcomes Among Female Sex Workers in the Dominican Republic [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Comparing typologies of violence exposure and associations with syndemic health outcomes among cisgender and transgender female sex workers living with HIV in the Dominican Republic [2023]

Eastern and Southern Africa

• PLoS ONE
  • Prevalence and associated factors of HIV among female sex workers in Eastern and Southern Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

Eswatini

• PLoS ONE
  • Reconceptualizing the HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Needs of Female Sex Workers (FSW) in Swaziland [2014]

Ethiopia

• EClinicalMedicine
  • HIV prevalence and associated factors among female sex workers in Ethiopia, east Africa: A cross-sectional study using a respondent-driven sampling technique [2022]

Germany

• European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology
  • Diagnostics as Prevention — A Rapid Testing-Based Strategy of Sex Workers against Sexual HIV Exposure [2018]

Ghana

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • HIV prevention and treatment cascades among female sex workers in Ghana: gaps and priorities that should be addressed by the national programme [2024]

Guinea-Bissau

• AIDS Research and Therapy
  • The HIV care continuum and HIV-1 drug resistance among female sex workers: a key population in Guinea-Bissau [2020]

• BMC Public Health
  • Mobility and HIV vulnerabilities among female sex workers in Guinea-Bissau: findings from an integrated bio-behavioral survey [2023]

India

• Indian Journal of Medical Research
  • Injecting drug use & HIV prevalence among female sex workers: Evidence from the National Integrated Biological & Behavioural Surveillance, India [2022]

• Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
  • Description of HIV risk behavior among adolescent female sex workers: Findings from the nationwide cross-sectional integrated biological and behavioral surveillance (IBBS) 2014-15 survey for HIV in India [2023]

International

• Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation
  • Cost effectiveness of HIV and sexual reproductive health interventions targeting sex workers: a systematic review [2018]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Policing practices as a structural determinant for HIV among sex workers: a systematic review of empirical findings [2016]

• Lancet
  • Global epidemiology of HIV among female sex workers: influence of structural determinants [2014]
  • An action agenda for HIV and sex workers [2014]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Associations between sex work laws and sex workers’ health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative and qualitative studies [2018]

• PLoS ONE
  • Arresting HIV: Fostering Partnerships between Sex Workers and Police to Reduce HIV Risk and Promote Professionalization within Policing Institutions: A Realist Review [2015]

• Scientific Reports
  • HSV-2 as a biomarker of HIV epidemic potential in female sex workers: meta-analysis, global epidemiology and implications [2020]

• UNAIDS
  • HIV and sex work — Human rights fact sheet series 2021 [2021]

• World Bank
  • The Global HIV Epidemics among Sex Workers [2013]

• Yonsei Medical Journal
  • A Review of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Adherence among Female Sex Workers [2020]

Iran

• AIDS and Behavior
  • HIV prevalence and associated factors among female sex workers in Iran: a bio-behavioral survey in 2020 [2023]

• PLoS ONE
  • Correlates of HIV Testing among Female Sex Workers in Iran: Findings of a National Bio-Behavioural Surveillance Survey [2016]

• Scientific Reports
  • Cost-effectiveness of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among female sex workers in Iran [2025]

Ireland

• HIV Ireland
  • Sex Work and HIV

Ivory Coast

• PLoS ONE
  • Incidence of HIV infection and associated factors among female sex workers in Côte d'Ivoire, results of the ANRS 12361 PrEP-CI study using recent infection assays [2022]

• World Health Organization
  • Prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS and other STIs targeting sex workers and their partners in Côte d’Ivoire : report of the WHO Technical Support Mission, 15-17 October 2008 [2009]

Jamaica

• PLoS ONE
  • Reaching key populations through key venues: Insights from the Jamaica HIV Prevention Program [2018]

Kenya

• Ministry of Health Kenya
  • National guidelines for HIV/STI programs for sex workers [2010]

Low and middle income countries

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Differentiating the incidence and burden of HIV by age among women who sell sex: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • The burden of HIV infection among men who purchase sex in low- and middle-income countries – a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

• World Health Organization
  • Prevention and treatment of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections for sex workers in low- and middle-income countries [2012]

Mexico

• PLoS ONE
  • Sustainability of Evidence-Based Practices for HIV Prevention among Female Sex Workers in Mexico [2015]

Middle East, North Africa

• BMC Medicine
  • HIV epidemiology among female sex workers and their clients in the Middle East and North Africa: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions [2019]

• Lancet HIV
  • HIV incidence and impact of interventions among female sex workers and their clients in the Middle East and north Africa: a modelling study [2022]

Mozambique

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Are HIV and reproductive health services adapted to the needs of female sex workers? Results of a policy and situational analysis in Tete, Mozambique [2016]

Namibia

• Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
  • HIV Prevalence, Risk Factors for Infection, and Uptake of Prevention, Testing, and Treatment among Female Sex Workers in Namibia [2020]

Nigeria

• National Agency for the Control of AIDS
  • Implementation of HIV prevention programmes for female sex workers in Nigeria [2020]

Rwanda

• BMJ Global Health
  • Prevalence and incidence of HIV among female sex workers and their clients: modelling the potential effects of intervention in Rwanda [2020]

• International Journal of STD & AIDS
  • High HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among female sex workers in Rwanda [2017]

• Ministry of Health Rwanda
  • National guidelines for HIV prevention interventions among sex workers [2011]

Senegal

• AIDS and Behavior
  • Can Self-affirmation Encourage HIV-Prevention? Evidence from Female Sex Workers in Senegal [2023]

South Africa

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Impact and cost-effectiveness of the national scale-up of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among female sex workers in South Africa: a modelling analysis [2023]

• Lancet HIV
  • HIV incidence estimation among female sex workers in South Africa: a multiple methods analysis of cross-sectional survey data [2022]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• BMC Public Health
  • Determinants of access to HIV testing and counselling services among female sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review [2019]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Priority interventions to reduce HIV transmission in sex work settings in sub-Saharan Africa and delivery of these services [2013]

• Lancet Global Health
  • HIV incidence among women engaging in sex work in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• Nature Communications
  • The role of sex work laws and stigmas in increasing HIV risks among sex workers [2020]

• Systematic Reviews
  • Effect of community-based interventions targeting female sex workers along the HIV care cascade in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]

• Tropical Medicine & International Health
  • Systematic review of sex work interventions in sub-Saharan Africa: examining combination prevention approaches [2017]

Tajikistan

• International Journal of STD & AIDS
  • HIV and associated factors among female sex workers in Tajikistan: Analysis from a national bio-behavioral survey [2021]

Tanzania

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • Trial of an mHealth intervention to improve HIV prophylaxis for female sex workers, United Republic of Tanzania [2024]

Togo

• Archives of Public Health
  • HIV prevalence and risk behaviors among female sex workers in Togo in 2017: a cross-sectional national study [2022]

• Pan African Medical Journal
  • HIV prevalence and behavioral studies in female sex workers in Togo: a decline in the prevalence between 2005 and 2011 [2013]

Ukraine

• PLoS ONE
  • Access to HIV-prevention in female sex workers in Ukraine between 2009 and 2017: Coverage, barriers and facilitators [2021]

United States

• Center for HIV Law and Policy
  • Sex Work

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • Implementing comprehensive HIV/STI programmes with sex workers: practical approaches from collaborative interventions [2013]
  • Toolkit for targeted HIV/AIDS prevention and care in sex work settings [2005]

Zimbabwe

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Interpreting declines in HIV test positivity: an analysis of routine data from Zimbabwe's national sex work programme, 2009-2019 [2022]

• Lancet HIV
  • Temporal trends in, and risk factors for, HIV seroconversion among female sex workers accessing Zimbabwe's national sex worker programme, 2009-19: a retrospective cohort analysis of routinely collected HIV testing data [2023]

• Tropical Medicine & International Health
  • No increased HIV risk in general population near sex work sites: A nationally representative cross-sectional study in Zimbabwe [2022]

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• Topic
  • HIV/AIDS