Violence

Guidelines, reviews, epidemiology

Child abuse

• Africa
  • WHO African Region
    • Child Sexual Abuse: a Silent Health Emergency [2004]
• Americas
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • Regional Status Report 2020: Preventing and Responding to Violence against Children in the Americas [2020]
    • Violence against children
• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Infant abusive head trauma - Incidence, outcomes and awareness [2012]
  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
    • Child protection
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Problem sexual behaviours in children [2018]
  • Child Abuse & Neglect
    • Child sexual abuse by different classes and types of perpetrator: Prevalence and trends from an Australian national survey [2024]
  • Journal of Interpersonal Violence
    • The Prevalence of Peer Sexual Harassment During Childhood in Australia [2024]
  • Medical Journal of Australia
    • The prevalence of child maltreatment in Australia: findings from a national survey [2023]
    • The prevalence and nature of multi-type child maltreatment in Australia [2023]
    • The Australian Child Maltreatment Study (ACMS), a national survey of the prevalence of child maltreatment and its correlates: methodology [2023]
• Bahrain
  • Annals of Saudi Medicine
    • Reported child sexual abuse in Bahrain: 2000-2009 [2011]
• Brazil
  • Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
    • Professional practices in situations of child abuse: an integrative review [2023]
• Canada
  • Canadian Paediatric Society
    • Medical assessment of suspected traumatic head injury due to child maltreatment (THI-CM) [2024]
    • Medical neglect: Working with children, youth, and families [2022]
    • The medical evaluation of pre-pubertal children with suspected sexual abuse [2020]
    • The medical assessment of fractures in suspected child maltreatment: Infants and young children with skeletal injury [2018]
  • CMAJ
    • Child abuse and mental disorders in Canada [2014]
  • Paediatrics & Child Health
    • Child maltreatment in Canada, 2013 [2013]
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • Is child sexual abuse declining in Canada? Results from nationally representative retrospective surveys [2016]
    • A review of recent analyses of the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS) [2015]
    • Child Maltreatment
• Canada, United Kingdom, United States
  • Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
    • The Effectiveness of Psychological Treatment in Adult Male Convicted for Sexual Offenses Against Children: A Systematic Review [2023]
• Canada, United States
  • Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
    • Recruitment and Entrapment Pathways of Minors into Sex Trafficking in Canada and the United States: A Systematic Review [2023]
• China
  • PLoS ONE
    • Reported prevalence of childhood maltreatment among Chinese college students: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2018]
• Croatia
  • Croatian Medical Journal
    • Gender and age differences in prevalence and incidence of child sexual abuse in Croatia [2013]
• Denmark
  • European Journal of Psychotraumatology
    • Physical violence against children with disabilities: A Danish national birth cohort prospective study [2023]
  • Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care
    • Management of child maltreatment suspicions in general practice: a mixed methods study [2023]
• East Africa
  • PLoS ONE
    • Physical, psychological, sexual, and systemic abuse of children with disabilities in East Africa: Mapping the evidence [2017]
• East Asia, Pacific
  • Child Abuse & Neglect
    • The burden of child maltreatment in the East Asia and Pacific region [2015]
  • WHO Western Pacific Region
    • Ending Violence against Children During Covid-19 and Beyond: Second Regional Conference to Strengthen Implementation of the INSPIRE Strategies, East Asia and the Pacific, Virtual Meeting, 1-5 November 2021: Meeting Report [2022]
• Ecuador
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • A Comparison of Willingness to Pay to Prevent Child Maltreatment Deaths in Ecuador and the United States [2013]
• Egypt
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence and risk factors for child labour and violence against children in Egypt using Bayesian geospatial modelling with multiple imputation [2019]
• Europe
  • Child Abuse & Neglect
    • Prevalence of interpersonal violence against children in sport in six European countries [2023]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Recognition of child maltreatment in emergency departments in Europe: Should we do better? [2021]
  • WHO European Region
    • European regional status report on preventing violence against children 2020 [2021]
    • European status report on preventing child maltreatment [2018]
    • Measuring and monitoring national prevalence of child maltreatment: a practical handbook [2016]
    • Handbook on developing national action plans to prevent child maltreatment [2016]
    • Investing in children: the European child maltreatment prevention action plan 2015-2020 [2015]
    • Implementing child maltreatment prevention programmes: what the experts say [2015]
    • European report on preventing child maltreatment [2013]
    • The cycles of violence : the relationship between childhood maltreatment and the risk of later becoming a victim or perpetrator of violence : key facts [2007]
    • Preventing child maltreatment
• France
  • European Journal of Pediatrics
    • Incidence of child abuse with subdural hemorrhage during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide study in France [2022]
• Germany
  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health
    • Trends in child maltreatment in Germany: comparison of two representative population-based studies [2018]
  • RöFo
    • The German Evidence-Based Child Protection Guideline – Imaging in Suspected Child Abuse [2020]
• Ghana
  • Child Abuse & Neglect
    • The protective effects of the collective cultural value of abiriwatia against child neglect: Results from a nationally representative survey [2023]
• Gulf Cooperation Council
  • Child Abuse & Neglect
    • Child maltreatment and protection in the Arab Gulf Cooperation Council countries: A scoping review [2022]
• Haiti
  • International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion
    • The relationship between commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) and childhood sexual abuse (CSA) among boys and girls in Haiti [2022]
  • Journal of Interpersonal Violence
    • Lifetime and Child Sexual Violence, Risk Factors and Mental Health Correlates Among a Nationally Representative Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults in Haiti: A Public Health Emergency [2023]
• High-income countries
  • Child Maltreatment
    • Leveraging Administrative Data to Better Understand and Address Child Maltreatment: A Scoping Review of Data Linkage Studies [2023]
  • Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
    • Kinship Care and Child Protection in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review [2023]
• Hong Kong
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Prevalence of Child Maltreatment and Its Association with Parenting Style: A Population Study in Hong Kong [2019]
• India
  • BMC Public Health
    • Ethical and definitional considerations in research on child sexual violence in India [2018]
  • Indian Academy of Pediatrics
    • Recommendations on recognition and response to child abuse and neglect in the Indian setting [2010]
  • Indian Journal of Psychiatry
    • Clinical Practice Guidelines for Child Sexual Abuse [2019]
• International
  • BMC Public Health
    • Priorities for research in child maltreatment, intimate partner violence and resilience to violence exposures: results of an international Delphi consensus development process [2012]
  • BMJ Open
    • Asking youth and adults about child maltreatment: a review of government surveys [2022]
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Violence against children during the COVID-19 pandemic [2021]
  • Child Abuse & Neglect
    • Childhood maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescent population: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
    • The prevalences, changes, and related factors of child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review [2023]
    • International guidelines for the prevention of sexual violence: A systematic review and perspective of WHO, UN Women, UNESCO, and UNICEF's publications [2023]
    • Global prevalence of physical and psychological child abuse during COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
    • From parental issues of job and finance to child well-being and maltreatment: A systematic review of the pandemic-related spillover effect [2023]
    • A mapping of parenting support policies worldwide to prevent violence against children [2023]
  • Child Maltreatment
    • The Association Between Child Maltreatment and Loneliness Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-Analysis [2024]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Child Maltreatment Reporting Practices by a Person Most Knowledgeable for Children and Youth: A Rapid Scoping Review [2022]
  • International Wound Journal
    • Prevalence of non-accidental burns and related factors in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Demographic and Psychosocial Factors Associated With Child Sexual Exploitation [2020]
  • Journal of Affective Disorders
    • Maternal childhood maltreatment and perinatal outcomes: A systematic review [2022]
  • Journal of Public Health
    • Is parental unemployment associated with increased risk of adverse childhood experiences? A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Improving measurement of child abuse and neglect: A systematic review and analysis of national prevalence studies [2020]
  • Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
    • Male Survivors of Institutional Child Sexual Abuse: A Review [2025]
    • Victims of Technology-Assisted Child Sexual Abuse: A Scoping Review [2024]
    • Global Prevalence of Childhood Exposure to Physical Violence within Domestic and Family Relationships in the General Population: A Systematic Review and Proportional Meta-Analysis [2024]
    • COVID-19 and Caregiver Risk Factors for Child Maltreatment: The Pandemic in Review [2024]
    • The Impact of Childhood Psychological Maltreatment on Mental Health Outcomes in Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2023]
    • Child Maltreatment During COVID-19: Key Conclusions and Future Directions Based on a Systematic Literature Review [2023]
    • Characteristics of Sexual Homicide Offenders Focusing on Child Victims: A Review of the Literature [2023]
  • United Nations Children's Fund - UNICEF
    • International Classification of Violence against Children (ICVAC) [2023]
    • Violence Against Children
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
    • End Violence Against Children
• Ireland
  • Health Information and Quality Authority
    • Report of the investigation into the management of allegations of child sexual abuse against adults of concern by the Child and Family Agency (Tusla) upon the direction of the Minister for Children and Youth Affairs [2018]
    • Guidance on an investigation into the management of allegations of child sexual abuse [2017]
• Kenya
  • Frontiers in Global Women's Health
    • Children's Vulnerability to Sexual Violence During COVID-19 in Kenya: Recommendations for the Future [2021]
  • International Journal of Women's Health
    • Postrape care services to minors in Kenya: are the services healing or hurting survivors? [2016]
  • Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
    • Sexualised violence against children: a review of laws and policies in Kenya [2019]
• Latin America and the Caribbean
  • BMC Public Health
    • Violence against children in Latin America and Caribbean countries: a comprehensive review of national health sector efforts in prevention and response [2016]
• Mongolia
  • Global Health Action
    • Prevalence and factors of physical punishment and psychological aggression toward children under five in Mongolia: an analysis of the 2018 Social Indicator Survey [2024]
• Netherlands
  • Child Abuse & Neglect
    • Prevalence of child maltreatment in the Netherlands: An update and cross-time comparison [2020]
• New Zealand
  • American Journal of Public Health
    • Ethnic Disparities in Childhood Prevalence of Maltreatment: Evidence From a New Zealand Birth Cohort [2019]
  • Starship
    • Abuse and Neglect [2021]
• Nigeria
  • Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
    • Child Sexual Abuse in Nigeria: A Systematic Review [2024]
• Oman
  • Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal
    • Child Rights: What can we do in Oman? [2012]
• Peru
  • BMC Pediatrics
    • Physical punishment and effective verbal communication in children aged 9-36 months, according to sex: secondary analysis of a national survey [2024]
• Rwanda
  • BMC Public Health
    • Predictors of physical violence against children in Rwanda: findings from a National Cross-Sectional Survey [2022]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Correlates of emotional violence against children in Rwanda: Findings from a cross-sectional national survey [2023]
• Saudi Arabia
  • Annals of Saudi Medicine
    • Preventing Child Abuse and Neglect in Saudi Arabia: Are We Ready? [2011]
• Singapore
  • Child Abuse & Neglect
    • Adverse childhood experiences and positive psychotic symptoms: A nationally representative study in Singapore [2022]
  • Singapore Medical Journal
    • Management of child abuse [2013]
• South Africa
  • Lancet Global Health
    • Sexual violence against children in South Africa: a nationally representative cross-sectional study of prevalence and correlates [2018]
• Sweden
  • Acta Paediatrica
    • Child physical abuse, declining trend in prevalence over 10 years in Sweden [2020]
  • Implementation Science
    • Transfer of knowledge to diagnose infant abuse and its incidence - a time-series analysis from Sweden [2022]
  • Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care
    • Facing suspected child abuse – what keeps Swedish general practitioners from reporting to child protective services? [2015]
  • Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services
    • Primary care interventions provided to families where children have been subjected to abuse and neglect [2018]
• Switzerland
  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health
    • Mobilizing agencies for incidence surveys on child maltreatment: successful participation in Switzerland and lessons learned [2018]
  • Swiss Medical Weekly
    • Nurses' and physicians' reported difficulties and enablers to recognising and reporting child abuse in Swiss paediatric emergency and paediatric surgery departments - an observational study [2023]
• Tanzania
  • WHO African Region
    • Policy Brief- Tanzania's Parenting interventions [2024]
• United Arab Emirates
  • European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry
    • Assessment of the knowledge of United Arab Emirates dentists of Child Maltreatment, protection and safeguarding [2018]
• United Kingdom
  • Archives of Disease in Childhood
    • Rate and severity of radiological features of physical abuse in children during the first UK-wide COVID-19 enforced national lockdown [2022]
  • BMC Psychiatry
    • Associations between developmental timing of child abuse and conduct problem trajectories in a UK birth cohort [2021]
  • BMJ Open
    • Exploration of trends in the incidence and prevalence of childhood maltreatment and domestic abuse recording in UK primary care: a retrospective cohort study using ‘the health improvement network’ database [2020]
  • British Society of Paediatric Dentistry
    • British Society of Paediatric Dentistry: A policy document on dental neglect in children [2024]
  • Child Abuse & Neglect
    • Prevalence of violence against children in the United Kingdom: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
    • Improving professional practice in the investigation and management of intrafamilial child sexual abuse: Qualitative analysis of serious child protection reviews [2023]
  • Department of Health and Social Care
    • Helping school nurses to tackle child sexual exploitation
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Child abuse and neglect [2019]
    • Child maltreatment: when to suspect maltreatment in under 18s [2017]
  • NHS England
    • Paediatric forensic healthcare practitioner capabilities framework for child sexual abuse assessment [2023]
  • NHSGGC Guidelines
    • Child Protection
  • Public Health England
    • Preventing offending and re-offending by children
  • Public Health Scotland
    • Ending childhood adversity: A public health approach [2020]
  • Royal College of Ophthalmologists
    • Abusive head trauma and the eye in infants and children - clinical guideline update by the royal college of ophthalmologists and the royal college of paediatrics and child health: executive summary [2024]
  • Royal College of Radiologists
    • The radiological investigation of suspected physical abuse in children [2017]
  • Scottish Government
    • Tackling child neglect in Scotland 3: rapid review of legislation and policy [2018]
    • Tackling child neglect in Scotland 2: rapid review of intervention literature [2018]
    • Tackling child neglect in Scotland 1: follow-up survey 2016 [2018]
    • National action plan to tackle child sexual exploitation: progress report 2016-2017 [2017]
    • Child Sexual Exploitation - A Guide for Health Practitioners [2017]
    • Child Sexual Exploitation: Definition and Practitioner Briefing Paper [2016]
    • Child protection guidance
• United States
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force [2024]
    • Behavioral Interventions and Counseling to Prevent Child Abuse and Neglect [2013]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • The Pediatrician’s Role in Preventing Child Maltreatment: Clinical Report [2024]
    • Protecting Children and Condemning Hate During a Time of War [2024]
    • Oral and Dental Aspects of Child Abuse and Neglect: Clinical Report [2024]
    • Child Fatality Review [2024]
    • Protecting Children From Sexual Abuse by Health Care Professionals and in the Health Care Setting [2022]
    • Exploitation, Labor and Sex Trafficking of Children and Adolescents: Health Care Needs of Patients [2022]
    • Evaluation for Bleeding Disorders in Suspected Child Abuse [2022]
    • Evaluating for Suspected Child Abuse: Conditions That Predispose to Bleeding [2022]
    • Maltreatment of Children With Disabilities [2021]
    • Runaway Youth: Caring for the Nation’s Largest Segment of Missing Children [2020]
    • Children Exposed to Maltreatment: Assessment and the Role of Psychotropic Medication [2020]
    • Abusive Head Trauma in Infants and Children [2020]
    • Ongoing Pediatric Health Care for the Child Who Has Been Maltreated [2019]
    • Identifying Child Abuse Fatalities During Infancy [2019]
    • The Eye Examination in the Evaluation of Child Abuse [2018]
    • Global Human Trafficking and Child Victimization [2017]
    • Clinical Considerations Related to the Behavioral Manifestations of Child Maltreatment [2017]
    • Virtual Violence [2016]
    • The Evaluation of Suspected Child Physical Abuse [2015]
    • Child Sex Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation: Health Care Needs of Victims [2015]
    • Evaluating Children With Fractures for Child Physical Abuse [2014]
    • The Evaluation of Children in the Primary Care Setting When Sexual Abuse Is Suspected [2013]
    • Caregiver-Fabricated Illness in a Child: A Manifestation of Child Maltreatment [2013]
    • Psychological Maltreatment [2012]
    • Child Abuse, Confidentiality, and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act [2010]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Human Trafficking [2019]
    • Adult Manifestations of Childhood Sexual Abuse [2011]
  • American College of Radiology
    • Suspected Physical Abuse — Child
  • BMC Public Health
    • Describing associations between child maltreatment frequency and the frequency and timing of subsequent delinquent or criminal behaviors across development: variation by sex, sexual orientation, and race [2019]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences Among U.S. Adults — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2011–2020 [2023]
    • Sexual Assault or Abuse of Children - STI Treatment Guidelines [2021]
    • Trends in U.S. Emergency Department Visits Related to Suspected or Confirmed Child Abuse and Neglect Among Children and Adolescents Aged 18 Years Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, January 2019–September 2020 [2020]
    • Vital Signs: Estimated Proportion of Adult Health Problems Attributable to Adverse Childhood Experiences and Implications for Prevention — 25 States, 2015–2017 [2019]
    • CDC Grand Rounds: Creating a Healthier Future Through Prevention of Child Maltreatment [2014]
  • Child Maltreatment
    • Evidence-Based Home Visiting Provisions and Child Maltreatment Report Rates: County-Level Analysis of US National Data From 2016 to 2018 [2024]
  • Hospital Pediatrics
    • Risk Factors for Child Maltreatment Fatalities in a National Pediatric Inpatient Database [2020]
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Prevalence of Online Sexual Offenses Against Children in the US [2022]
  • Journal of Interpersonal Violence
    • Community Food Insecurity and Child Maltreatment Reports: County-Level Analysis of U.S. National Data From 2009 to 2018 [2023]
  • Journal of Osteopathic Medicine
    • Trends and forecasted rates of adverse childhood experiences among adults in the United States: an analysis of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System [2023]
  • Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
    • Updated Guidelines for the Medical Assessment and Care of Children Who May Have Been Sexually Abused [2016]
  • Lancet Public Health
    • Intergenerational transmission of the effects of maternal exposure to childhood maltreatment in the USA: a retrospective cohort study [2023]
  • Pediatric Emergency Care
    • National Trends in Emergency Department Visits for Child Maltreatment, 2007-2014 [2022]
  • Society for Pediatric Radiology
    • The impact of the consensus statement on abusive head trauma in infants and young children [2021]
  • Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
    • Association of Housing Stress With Child Maltreatment: A Systematic Review [2022]
  • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
    • Prevention of Child Maltreatment: Primary Care Interventions [2024]
  • Violence and Victims
    • Violent Victimization During Childhood in the United States: Associations With Revictimization and Health [2023]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Intersections between violence against children and violence against women [2024]
    • WHO guidelines on parenting interventions to prevent maltreatment and enhance parent–child relationships with children aged 0–17 years: web annex: GRADE evidence profiles and evidence to decision tables [2023]
    • WHO guidelines on parenting interventions to prevent maltreatment and enhance parent–child relationships with children aged 0–17 years [2023]
    • What works to prevent violence against children online? [2022]
    • What works to prevent online violence against children? executive summary [2022]
    • Violence against children online [2022]
    • Responding to child maltreatment: a clinical handbook for health professionals [2022]
    • Reporting on violence against children: a guide for journalists [2022]
    • INSPIRE: seven strategies for ending violence against children: uptake between 2016 and 2021 [2022]
    • Universal parenting support to prevent abuse and neglect: A policy call for national governments [2021]
    • Global status report on preventing violence against children 2020 [2020]
    • WHO Guidelines for the health sector response to child maltreatment [2019]
    • School-based violence prevention: a practical handbook [2019]
    • INSPIRE handbook: action for implementing the seven strategies for ending violence against children [2018]
    • Responding to children and adolescents who have been sexually abused [2017]
    • Toolkit on mapping legal, health and social services responses to child maltreatment [2015]
    • Improving efforts to prevent children’s exposure to violence: a handbook to support the evaluation of child maltreatment prevention programmes [2014]
    • Preventing violence: evaluating outcomes of parenting programmes [2013]
    • Preventing violence through the development of safe, stable and nurturing relationships between children and their parents and caregivers [2009]
    • Preventing violence by developing life skills in children and adolescents [2009]
    • Preventing child maltreatment : a guide to taking action and generating evidence [2006]
    • Violence against children: Fact sheet
    • Violence against children
    • Violence Info – Child maltreatment
    • Preventing violence against children
    • Online violence against children
    • Measuring and evaluating child maltreatment
    • Lifetime prevalence of child sexual abuse (%)
    • Lifetime prevalence of child physical neglect (%)
    • Lifetime prevalence of child physical abuse (%)
    • Lifetime prevalence of child emotional abuse (%)
    • Extent of implementation of child protection services
    • Child maltreatment: Fact sheet
    • Child maltreatment: Extent of implementation of home-visiting programmes
    • Caring for child victims of violence
• WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
  • WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
    • Preventing violence against children 2020: status report for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region [2021]
• WHO South-East Asia Region
  • WHO South-East Asia Region
    • Preventing violence against children 2020: report for the WHO South-East Asia Region [2021]
    • Managing child abuse : a handbook of medical officer [2004]
• WHO Western Pacific Region
  • WHO Western Pacific Region
    • Child maltreatment [2016]
    • Ending violence against children
• Zimbabwe
  • BMC Public Health
    • National COVID-19 lockdown and trends in help-seeking for violence against children in Zimbabwe: an interrupted time-series analysis [2022]
  • BMJ Open
    • Exploring children's formal help-seeking behaviour for violence in Zimbabwe: analysis of national survey and routine service provider data [2023]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Violence

Domestic violence, intimate partner violence

• Afghanistan
  • Global Public Health
    • How does domestic violence stigma manifest in women's lives in Afghanistan? A study of survivors' lived experiences of help-seeking across three provinces [2023]
  • Journal of Interpersonal Violence
    • Intimate Partner Violence and Children Under 5 Morbidities and Mortality in Afghanistan: Findings From a National Survey [2023]
• Africa
  • Community Health Equity Research & Policy
    • Trapped Between Two Pandemics: Domestic Violence Cases Under COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Scoping Review [2023]
  • International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
    • Association between Intimate Partner Violence, Knowledge and Use of Contraception in Africa: Comparative Analysis across Five African Regions [2020]
  • PLoS ONE
    • A Systematic Review of African Studies on Intimate Partner Violence against Pregnant Women: Prevalence and Risk Factors [2011]
• Angola
  • Archives of Women's Mental Health
    • Socio-demographic determinants of intimate partner violence in Angola: a cross-sectional study of nationally representative survey data [2024]
• Arab countries
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence and health outcomes of domestic violence amongst clinical populations in Arab countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]
• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Identifying and responding to men who use violence in their intimate relationships [2016]
    • Family violence across the life cycle [2014]
  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
    • Family, domestic and sexual violence
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Recognising and responding to domestic and family violence in general practice [2022]
  • Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
    • Intimate partner violence against women and healthcare in Australia: charting the scene [2012]
  • Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
    • Domestic and Family Violence Affecting Children and Young People from Culturally and Racially Marginalized Migrant Backgrounds in Australia: A Scoping Review of Child Experiences and Service Responses [2024]
• Bangladesh
  • BMC Psychiatry
    • Prevalence and determinants of wife-beating in Bangladesh: evidence from a nationwide survey [2022]
• Benin
  • BMC Public Health
    • Exploring antenatal care utilization and intimate partner violence in Benin - are lives at stake? [2021]
• Bolivia
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Intimate partner violence and mental health in Bolivia [2013]
• Brazil
  • Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry
    • The increasing risk of domestic violence, including parricide, during the COVID-19 pandemic: reflections and recommendations [2021]
  • Medicine
    • Orthopaedic surgeons can play important role in identifying victims of domestic violence in the emergency department - narrative review of Brazilian literature [2022]
  • Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria
    • Intimate partner violence trends in Brazil: data from two waves of the Brazilian National Alcohol and Drugs Survey [2016]
• Canada
  • Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians
    • CAEP Position Statement Executive Summary : Where is the love? Intimate partner violence (IPV) in the Emergency Department (ED) [2022]
  • Canadian Paediatric Society
    • Recognizing and responding to children with suspected exposure to intimate partner violence between caregivers [2023]
  • Government of Alberta
    • Family Violence Death Review Committee annual report
  • International Journal of Circumpolar Health
    • Intimate partner violence in the Canadian territorial north: perspectives from a literature review and a media watch [2013]
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • Stop Family Violence
  • Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
    • A Scoping Review of Intimate Partner Violence Research in Canada [2025]
• Canada, United Kingdom, United States
  • Health & Social Care in the Community
    • Major sports events and domestic violence: A systematic review [2022]
• China
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Risk Factors Associated with Intimate Partner Violence against Chinese Women: A Systematic Review [2022]
  • Journal of Infectious Diseases
    • Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence and Associated Factors Among People With HIV: A Large-Sample Cross-Sectional Study in China [2023]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2017]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Using machine learning to estimate the incidence rate of intimate partner violence [2023]
• Colombia
  • PLoS ONE
    • Gender policy and intimate partner violence in Colombia [2023]
    • Risk of violence from a current or former partner: Associated factors and classification in a nationwide study in Colombia [2022]
• East Africa
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Neonatal, infant, and child mortality among women exposed to intimate partner violence in East Africa: a multi-country analysis [2020]
  • International Journal for Equity in Health
    • The association of intimate partner violence and contraceptive use: a multi-country analysis of demographic and health surveys [2023]
  • Pan African Medical Journal
    • Correlates of intimate partner violence among adolescents in East Africa: a multi-country analysis [2021]
• Ecuador
  • Western Journal of Emergency Medicine
    • The Economic Burden of Intimate Partner Violence in Ecuador: Setting the Agenda for Future Research and Violence Prevention Policies [2013]
• Ethiopia
  • BioMed Research International
    • Determinants of Intimate Partner Violence against Pregnant Women in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Prevalence of intimate partner violence against women and associated factors in Ethiopia [2020]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Maternal exposure to intimate partner violence and uptake of maternal healthcare services in Ethiopia: Evidence from a national survey [2022]
    • Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Domestic violence related disclosure among women and girls in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]
• Europe
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Intimate partner violence against ever-partnered women in Europe: Prevalence and associated factors-Results from the violence against women EU-wide survey [2022]
• Finland
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Gender Differences in Witnessing and the Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence from the Perspective of Children in Finland [2021]
  • Journal of Interpersonal Violence
    • Health-Related Costs of Intimate Partner Violence: Using Linked Police and Health Registers [2024]
  • Nursing Research and Practice
    • Assessing and Enhancing Health Care Providers' Response to Domestic Violence [2014]
• Gambia
  • Inquiry
    • Prevalence, Correlates, and Trends of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Gambia: Results From 2 National Cross-Sectional Health Surveys [2023]
• Georgia
  • BMC Women's Health
    • An examination of domestic partner violence and its justification in the Republic of Georgia [2013]
• Germany
  • Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences
    • Epidemiology of intimate partner violence perpetration and victimisation in a representative sample [2023]
  • Journal of Interpersonal Violence
    • Prevalence and Predictors of Affirmations of Intimate Partner Violence in Germany: A First Nationwide Study on Victimization in Women and Men [2023]
• High-income countries
  • Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
    • Technology-Facilitated Abuse in Intimate Relationships: A Scoping Review [2023]
    • Cultural Sensitivity in Interventions Aiming to Reduce or Prevent Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy: A Scoping Review [2023]
• India
  • BMC Public Health
    • Men's attitude towards wife-beating: understanding the pattern and trend in India [2024]
    • Prevalence, pattern, and predictors of formal help-seeking for intimate partner violence against women: findings from India's cross-sectional National Family Health Surveys-3 (2005-2006) and 4 (2015-2016) [2022]
    • Does sexual Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) increase risk of multiple high-risk fertility behaviours in India: evidence from National Family Health Survey 2015-16 [2022]
    • Trends and correlates of intimate partner violence experienced by ever-married women of India: results from National Family Health Survey round III and IV [2021]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Community-Based Intimate Partner Violence Interventions in India [2023]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Does women empowerment associate with reduced risks of intimate partner violence in India? evidence from National Family Health Survey-5 [2023]
    • How Well Does the World Health Organization Definition of Domestic Violence Work for India? [2015]
• International
  • BMC Public Health
    • Examining the impact of economic abuse on survivors of intimate partner violence: a scoping review [2022]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Global prevalence of intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic among women: systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
    • Psychological therapies for women who experience intimate partner violence [2020]
  • Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
    • Domestic Violence Against Men—Prevalence and Risk Factors [2020]
  • Frontiers in Psychiatry
    • Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Among Intimate Partners During the Perinatal Period: A Narrative Literature Review [2021]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Worldwide Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2021]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy: An Umbrella Review [2021]
  • Journal of Adolescent Health
    • Addressing Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Violence Among Adolescents: Emerging Evidence of Effectiveness [2015]
  • Journal of Interpersonal Violence
    • Intimate Partner Violence During COVID-19 Restrictions: A Study of 30 Countries From the I-SHARE Consortium [2023]
  • Lancet
    • Global, regional, and national prevalence estimates of physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence against women in 2018 [2022]
  • Lancet HIV
    • Intertwined epidemics: progress, gaps, and opportunities to address intimate partner violence and HIV among key populations of women [2022]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Evaluation of the measurement properties of intimate partner violence screening instruments for the general population: A COSMIN-based international systematic review [2024]
  • Sexual Medicine
    • Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2021]
  • Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
    • Understanding the Dynamics of Domestic Violence During the First Year of the Pandemic: An Integrative Review [2025]
    • Health-Related Maternal Decision-Making Among Perinatal Women in the Context of Intimate Partner Violence: A Scoping Review [2024]
    • Global Prevalence and Mental Health Outcomes of Intimate Partner Violence Among Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2024]
    • Healthcare Professionals' Own Experiences of Domestic Violence and Abuse: A Meta-Analysis of Prevalence and Systematic Review of Risk Markers and Consequences [2023]
    • Domestic Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review [2023]
    • A Systematic Review of Culturally Competent Family Violence Responses to Women in Primary Care [2023]
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
    • Killings of women and girls by their intimate partner or other family members - Global estimates 2020 [2021]
  • Violence Against Women
    • Interventions to Prevent Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2024]
  • World Bank
    • Compendium of International and National Legal Frameworks on Domestic Violence [2019]
• Iran
  • Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal
    • Domestic Violence Among Iranian Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2016]
  • Journal of Interpersonal Violence
    • Domestic Violence and Its Impact on Abortion in Iran: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Survey [2023]
• Japan
  • Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences
    • Male intake of omega-3 fatty acids and risk of intimate partner violence perpetration: a nationwide birth cohort - the Japan Environment and Children's Study [2022]
• Jordan
  • Journal of Medicine and Life
    • Domestic violence against women in Jordan: analysis of the demographic and health survey dataset 2017-2018 [2023]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Is there an association between intimate partner violence and the prevalence of cervical cancer screening in Jordan? [2023]
• Kenya
  • BMJ Open
    • R.E.S.P.e.c.T and intimate partner violence: a cross-sectional study using DHS data in Kenya [2021]
• Latin America
  • BMC Public Health
    • Correlates of co-occurring physical child punishment and physical intimate partner violence in Colombia, Mexico and Peru [2022]
• Latin America and the Caribbean
  • BMC Public Health
    • Latin American and Caribbean countries’ baseline clinical and policy guidelines for responding to intimate partner violence and sexual violence against women [2015]
• Liberia
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Intimate partner violence and associated factors among reproductive age women in Liberia: a cross-sectional study using a recent Liberian demographic and health survey [2023]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Prevalence and Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence against Women in Liberia: Findings from 2019-2020 Demographic and Health Survey [2022]
  • Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
    • Bivariate mapping of intimate partner violence prevalence and its correlates in Liberia by county: Results from the 2019-2020 Demographic and Health Survey [2023]
• Low and middle income countries
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and maternal and child health outcomes: a scoping review of the literature from low-and-middle income countries from 2016 - 2021 [2022]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Intimate partner violence and maternal health services utilization: evidence from 36 National Household Surveys [2021]
  • BMJ Global Health
    • The implementation and effectiveness of the one stop centre model for intimate partner and sexual violence in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of barriers and enablers [2020]
    • Intimate partner violence in 46 low-income and middle-income countries: an appraisal of the most vulnerable groups of women using national health surveys [2020]
    • Intimate partner violence and pregnancy spacing: results from a meta-analysis of individual participant time-to-event data from 29 low-and-middle-income countries [2018]
  • BMJ Open
    • Prevalence of childhood exposure to intimate partner violence in low-income and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review [2022]
  • Conflict and Health
    • The impact of interventions to reduce risk and incidence of intimate partner violence and sexual violence in conflict and post-conflict states and other humanitarian crises in low and middle income countries: a systematic review [2021]
  • Journal of Global Health
    • Effectiveness of community mobilisation and group-based interventions for preventing intimate partner violence against women in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
    • Psychosocial interventions for intimate partner violence in low and middle income countries: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials [2020]
    • Improved child marriage laws and its association with changing attitudes and experiences of intimate partner violence: a comparative multi-national study [2020]
  • Lancet Global Health
    • Prevalence and changes of intimate partner violence against women aged 15 to 49 years in 53 low-income and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2021: a secondary analysis of population-based surveys [2023]
    • Prevalence of intimate partner violence against infertile women in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Factors and consequences associated with intimate partner violence against women in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review [2023]
  • Studies in Family Planning
    • Barriers and Facilitators to Integrating Health Service Responses to Intimate Partner Violence in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Comparative Health Systems and Service Analysis [2017]
  • Systematic Reviews
    • Interventions for reducing and/or controlling domestic violence among pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review [2019]
  • Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
    • The Co-Occurrence of Intimate Partner Violence and Violence Against Children: A Systematic Review on Associated Factors in Low- and Middle-Income Countries [2023]
• Malaysia
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence of intimate partner violence in Malaysia and its associated factors: a systematic review [2020]
• Mexico
  • Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
    • Prevalence and Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence Among Women and Men in Mexico: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2025]
• Middle East, North Africa
  • Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
    • Domestic Violence Against Women in North African and Middle Eastern Countries: A Scoping Review [2023]
• Mozambique
  • BMC Public Health
    • Domestic violence in Mozambique: from policy to practice [2021]
  • Reproductive Health
    • A critical cartography of domestic violence policies in Mozambique [2021]
• Namibia
  • WHO African Region
    • Clinical Handbook on the health care of Survivors Subjected to Intimate Partner Violence and/or Sexual Violence, Namibia [2020]
• New Zealand
  • American Journal of Preventive Medicine
    • Lifetime Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence and Disability: Results From a Population-Based Study in New Zealand [2021]
  • Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
    • Ethnic-specific prevalence rates of intimate partner violence against women in New Zealand [2023]
  • BMJ Open
    • Change in prevalence rates of physical and sexual intimate partner violence against women: data from two cross-sectional studies in New Zealand, 2003 and 2019 [2021]
• Nigeria
  • African Health Sciences
    • Spousal violence and pregnancy termination among married women in Nigeria [2016]
• Norway
  • Journal of Interpersonal Violence
    • Intimate Partner Homicides in Norway 1990-2020: An Analysis of Incidence and Characteristics [2022]
• Pakistan
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Exclusive breastfeeding and its association with intimate partner violence during pregnancy: analysis from Pakistan demographic and health survey [2024]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence, correlates, and trends of intimate partner violence against women in Pakistan: Results from Pakistan Demographic and Health surveys 2012-13 and 2017-18 [2024]
• Palestine
  • BMC Public Health
    • Palestinian law to protect family and prevent violence: challenges with public opinion [2023]
• Papua New Guinea
  • BMC Public Health
    • Association between experiences of intimate partner sexual violence and cigarette smoking among women in union in Papua New Guinea: evidence from a nationally representative survey [2022]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Exposure to interparental violence and justification of intimate partner violence among women in Papua New Guinea [2023]
  • BMJ Open
    • Partner alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence among women in Papua New Guinea: a cross-sectional analysis of Demographic and Health Survey [2023]
• Peru
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Association between intimate partner violence and pregnancy intention: evidence from the Peruvian demographic and health survey [2024]
    • Rural-urban migration as a factor associated with physical and sexual intimate partner violence Peru 2015-2017: a secondary analysis of a national study [2022]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Women's Autonomy and Intimate Partner Violence in Peru: Analysis of a National Health Survey [2022]
    • Is There an Association between Being a Victim of Physical Violence by Intimate Partner and Binge Drinking in Men and Women? Secondary Analysis of a National Study, Peru 2020 [2022]
• Rwanda
  • BMC Public Health
    • Bayesian spatial modelling of intimate partner violence and associated factors among adult women and men: evidence from 2019/2020 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey [2023]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Trends and correlates of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization in Rwanda: results from the 2015 and 2020 Rwanda Demographic Health Survey (RDHS 2015 and 2020) [2022]
  • Psychiatry Research
    • The prevalence of mental disorders among intimate partner violence exposed and non-exposed Rwandans: Findings from a national cross-sectional survey [2022]
• Sierra Leone
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Prevalence, correlates, and trends of intimate partner violence against women in Sierra Leone: findings from 2013 and 2019 demographic and health surveys [2023]
• Singapore
  • Singapore Medical Journal
    • Management of intimate partner abuse [2023]
• South Africa
  • African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine
    • Legal duties, professional obligations or notional guidelines? Screening, treatment and referral of domestic violence cases in primary health care settings in South Africa [2018]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence and factors associated with intimate partner violence among the adolescent girls and young women in South Africa: findings the 2017 population based cross-sectional survey [2021]
  • Frontiers in Psychiatry
    • Coping With the Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence Among South African Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis [2021]
  • Global Health Action
    • Implementing intimate partner violence care in a rural sub-district of South Africa: a qualitative evaluation [2014]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Syndemics of intimate partner violence among women in HIV endemic South Africa: geospatial analysis of nationally representative data [2022]
• South and Southeast Asia
  • BMC Women's Health
    • An analysis of changes in the prevalence and patterns of intimate partner violence against women in seven Asian countries [2023]
• South Asia
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Women's attitude towards intimate partner violence and utilization of contraceptive methods and maternal health care services: an analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional surveys from four South Asian countries [2022]
  • Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
    • Association between intimate partner violence and child morbidity in South Asia [2015]
• Spain
  • Atención Primaria
    • Prevalence of intimate partner violence in Spain: A national cross-sectional survey in primary care [2017]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Mapping and exploring health system'- response to intimate partner violence in Spain [2013]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Intimate Partner Violence against Women during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain [2021]
• Sri Lanka
  • BioScience Trends
    • Intimate partner violence in Sri Lanka [2010]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Intimate partner violence, suicide and self-harm in Sri Lanka: Analysis of national data [2024]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMC Public Health
    • A systematic review of the effects of intimate partner violence on HIV-positive pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa [2022]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Gender differences in the acceptance of wife-beating: evidence from 30 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa [2023]
  • BMJ Open
    • Intersection of reproductive coercion and intimate partner violence: cross-sectional influences on women's contraceptive use in Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire and Kenya [2023]
    • Evidence of sociocultural factors influencing intimate partner violence among young women in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review [2020]
  • International Journal for Equity in Health
    • Is intimate partner violence vertically transmitted among women in sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from demographic health surveys between 2010 and 2019 [2023]
  • Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care
    • Interventions to Address HIV and Intimate Partner Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of the Literature [2013]
  • Lancet Global Health
    • Intimate partner violence and childhood health outcomes in 37 sub-Saharan African countries: an analysis of demographic health survey data from 2011 to 2022 [2024]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Drought and intimate partner violence towards women in 19 countries in sub-Saharan Africa during 2011-2018: A population-based study [2020]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Partner alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence against women in sexual unions in sub-Saharan Africa [2022]
    • Sexual violence and unmet need for contraception among married and cohabiting women in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from demographic and health surveys [2020]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Intimate partner violence against adolescents and young women in sub-Saharan Africa: who is most vulnerable? [2021]
  • Systematic Reviews
    • Mapping the disparities in intimate partner violence prevalence and determinants across Sub-Saharan Africa [2023]
• Sweden
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Prevalence and incidence of domestic violence during pregnancy and associated risk factors: a longitudinal cohort study in the south of Sweden [2016]
  • Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
    • Intimate partner violence during pregnancy - Prevalence and associations with women's health: A cross-sectional study [2023]
• Taiwan
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Associations between domestic violence and poor pregnancy outcomes in taiwanese women: a nested case-control study [2023]
• Thailand
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Impacts of COVID-19 on family violence in Thailand: prevalence and influencing factors [2023]
• Turkey
  • Journal of Interpersonal Violence
    • The Impact of Poverty on Partner Violence Against Women Under Regional Effects: The Case of Turkey [2023]
• Uganda
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence and correlates of intimate partner violence among ever-married men in Uganda: a cross-sectional survey [2022]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Intimate partner violence among HIV positive women in care - results from a national survey, Uganda 2016 [2019]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Effect of justification of wife-beating on experiences of intimate partner violence among men and women in Uganda: A propensity-score matched analysis of the 2016 Demographic Health Survey data [2023]
• United Kingdom
  • Association of Directors of Adult Social Services
    • Adult safeguarding and domestic abuse: a guide to support practitioners and managers [2015]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • A survey and stakeholder consultation of Independent Domestic Violence Advisor (IDVA) programmes in English maternity services [2023]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Impact of the first national COVID-19 lockdown on referral of women experiencing domestic violence and abuse in England and Wales [2022]
  • BMJ Open
    • Sharing information about domestic violence and abuse in healthcare: an analysis of English guidance and recommendations for good practice [2022]
  • British Medical Association
    • Domestic abuse [2014]
  • Department of Health and Social Care
    • Guidance for health professionals on domestic violence
    • Domestic abuse: a resource for health professionals
  • Journal of Interpersonal Violence
    • Prevalence and Social Inequality in Experiences of Domestic Abuse Among Mothers of Young Children: A Study Using National Survey Data from Scotland [2022]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Domestic violence and abuse [2016]
    • Domestic violence and abuse: how health services, social care and the organisations they work with can respond effectively [2014]
  • Public Health England
    • Interventions to prevent intimate partner and sexual violence
    • Disability and domestic abuse: risk, impacts and response
  • Scottish Government
    • Domestic Abuse (Scotland) Bill - Children's Rights and Wellbeing Impact Assessment [2017]
    • Domestic Abuse recorded by the police in Scotland, 2015-16 [2016]
    • Domestic abuse in Scotland statistics
  • UK National Screening Committee
    • Partner violence (pregnancy)
    • Partner violence
  • Violence Against Women
    • Constructing Fatality Review: A Policy Analysis of the Emergence of Domestic Homicide Reviews in England and Wales [2022]
• United States
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Screening for Intimate Partner Violence, Elder Abuse, and Abuse of Vulnerable Adults: An Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [2018]
  • American Academy of Nursing
    • COVID-19 effects on women's home and work life, family violence and mental health from the Women's Health Expert Panel of the American Academy of Nursing [2022]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Intimate Partner Violence: Role of the Pediatrician [2023]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Intimate Partner Violence [2012]
  • American Journal of Emergency Medicine
    • Alarming trends in US domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic [2020]
  • American Journal of Public Health
    • Trends in Pregnancy-Associated Homicide, United States, 2020 [2022]
  • Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses
    • Intimate Partner Violence [2019]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Notes from the Field: Intimate Partner Homicide Among Women — United States, 2018–2021 [2024]
    • Racial and Ethnic Differences in Homicides of Adult Women and the Role of Intimate Partner Violence — United States, 2003–2014 [2017]
    • CDC Grand Rounds: A Public Health Approach to Prevention of Intimate Partner Violence [2014]
    • Intimate Partner Violence
  • Contraception
    • How does Intimate Partner Violence Affect Condom and Oral Contraceptive Use in the United States? A Systematic Review of the Literature [2015]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Health Service Interventions for Intimate Partner Violence among Military Personnel and Veterans: A Framework and Scoping Review [2022]
  • JAMA Network Open
    • State Divorce Laws, Reproductive Care Policies, and Pregnancy-Associated Homicide Rates, 2018-2021 [2024]
  • Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
    • A national epidemiologic profile of physical intimate partner violence, adverse childhood experiences, and supportive childhood relationships: Group differences in predicted trends and associations [2020]
  • Journal of Women's Health
    • Screening and Intervention for Intimate Partner Violence in Healthcare Settings: Creating Sustainable System-Level Programs [2015]
    • Integrating Intimate Partner Violence Assessment and Intervention into Healthcare in the United States: A Systems Approach [2015]
    • Identifying and Intervening with Substance-Using Women Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence: Phenomenology, Comorbidities, and Integrated Approaches Within Primary Care and Other Agency Settings [2015]
    • Transforming the Healthcare Response to Intimate Partner Violence and Taking Best Practices to Scale [2012]
  • Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy
    • Home is not always a haven: The domestic violence crisis amid the COVID-19 pandemic [2020]
  • Psychology of Violence
    • Training and Certification for Domestic Violence Service Providers: The Need for a National Standard Curriculum and Training Approach [2014]
  • Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
    • Intimate Partner Violence and Immigration in the United States: A Systematic Review [2024]
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation
    • Intimate Partner Violence Experiences During Men’s Reentry from Prison [2016]
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Office on Women's Health
    • Domestic or intimate partner violence
  • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
    • Intimate Partner Violence and Caregiver Abuse of Older or Vulnerable Adults: Screening [2024]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Clinical management of rape and intimate partner violence survivors: developing protocols for use in humanitarian settings [2020]
    • Health care for women subjected to intimate partner violence or sexual violence: a clinical handbook [2014]
    • Responding to intimate partner violence and sexual violence against women [2013]
    • Understanding and addressing violence against women: intimate partner violence [2012]
    • Intimate partner violence [2012]
    • Intimate partner violence during pregnancy: information sheet [2011]
    • WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence against women : initial results on prevalence, health outcomes and women's responses [2005]
    • Putting women first : ethical and safety recommendations for research on domestic violence against women [2001]
    • Violence Info – Intimate partner violence
    • Intimate partner violence: Extent of implementation of dating violence prevention programmes
    • Intimate partner violence prevalence
• WHO Western Pacific Region
  • WHO Western Pacific Region
    • Intimate partner violence [2016]
• Zimbabwe
  • BMC International Health and Human Rights
    • Trends in prevalence and correlates of intimate partner violence against women in Zimbabwe, 2005–2015 [2020]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Violence against women, gender-based violence
    • Violence

Obstetric violence, mistreatment of women during childbirth

• Arab countries
  • Reproductive Health
    • Women's experiences throughout the birthing process in health facilities in Arab countries: a systematic review [2022]
• Brazil
  • Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
    • The cheapest meat on the market is black meat: notes on racism and obstetric violence against Black women [2023]
    • Disrespect and abuse, mistreatment and obstetric violence: a challenge for epidemiology and public health in Brazil [2022]
  • Lancet Regional Health – Americas
    • The effect of obstetric violence during childbirth on breastfeeding: findings from a perinatal cohort "Birth in Brazil" [2023]
• Canada
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Weight-based disparities in perinatal care: quantitative findings of respect, autonomy, mistreatment, and body mass index in a national Canadian survey [2024]
• China
  • BMC Nursing
    • Prevalence of workplace violence in Chinese obstetric nurses under the new situation and its correlation with violence prevention knowledge-attitude-practice and climate perception: a cross-sectional study [2023]
• Ecuador
  • BMC Public Health
    • Unveiling the intersection: exploring obstetric violence in the Era of COVID-19 in Ecuador [2023]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Social inequalities in women exposed to obstetric and gyneco-obstetric violence in Ecuador: a cross-sectional study [2022]
• Ethiopia
  • BioMed Research International
    • Disrespect and Abuse during Childbirth in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review [2020]
  • PLoS ONE
    • The prevalence of respectful maternity care during childbirth and its determinants in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
• Ghana
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Abuse and humiliation in the delivery room: Prevalence and associated factors of obstetric violence in Ghana [2023]
• High-income countries
  • Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
    • Obstetric violence in the United States and other high-income countries: an integrative review [2023]
• India
  • Journal of Postgraduate Medicine
    • Respectful maternity care during childbirth in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
  • Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
    • The nature of obstetric violence and the organisational context of its manifestation in India: a systematic review [2021]
• International
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Respectful care during childbirth in health facilities globally: a qualitative evidence synthesis [2018]
  • BMJ Global Health
    • WHO/HRP special supplement on understanding mistreatment of women during childbirth to improve quality of care [2022]
  • Health and Human Rights Journal
    • Operationalizing a Human Rights-Based Approach to Address Mistreatment against Women during Childbirth [2020]
    • International Human Rights and the Mistreatment of Women during Childbirth [2016]
  • International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • Ethical Framework for Respectful Maternity Care During Pregnancy and Childbirth [2021]
  • Nursing Reports
    • Factors Associated with Obstetric Violence Implicated in the Development of Postpartum Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review [2023]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • The Mistreatment of Women during Childbirth in Health Facilities Globally: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review [2015]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Operationalizing respectful maternity care at the healthcare provider level: a systematic scoping review [2021]
    • Effectiveness of respectful care policies for women using routine intrapartum services: a systematic review [2018]
• Iran
  • Reproductive Health
    • Designing a respectful maternity care guideline: a multiphase study [2022]
• Italy
  • La Clinica Terapeutica
    • Obstetric Violence in Italy: From Theoretical Premises to Court Judgments [2024]
• Kenya
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • The effect of a multi-component intervention on disrespect and abuse during childbirth in Kenya [2015]
• Latin America and the Caribbean
  • Reproductive Health
    • Measuring mistreatment of women during childbirth: a review of terminology and methodological approaches [2017]
• Low and middle income countries
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Mistreatment of women during childbirth and postpartum depression: secondary analysis of WHO community survey across four countries [2023]
• Malawi
  • Midwifery
    • Perceptions and predictors of respectful maternity care in Malawi: A quantitative cross-sectional analysis [2022]
• Nepal
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Mistreatment during childbirth and postnatal period reported by women in Nepal -a multicentric prevalence study [2022]
• Netherlands
  • Reproductive Health
    • Disrespect and abuse during labour and birth amongst 12,239 women in the Netherlands: a national survey [2022]
  • Violence Against Women
    • The Undercommons of Childbirth and Their Abolitionist Ethic of Care. A Study into Obstetric Violence Among Mothers, Midwives (in Training), and Doulas [2023]
• Nigeria
  • SSM - Population Health
    • “By slapping their laps, the patient will know that you truly care for her”: A qualitative study on social norms and acceptability of the mistreatment of women during childbirth in Abuja, Nigeria [2016]
• Palestine
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • The association between labor companionship and obstetric violence during childbirth in health facilities in five facilities in the occupied Palestinian territory [2023]
• Republic of Guinea
  • Reproductive Health
    • Perceptions and experiences of the mistreatment of women during childbirth in health facilities in Guinea: a qualitative study with women and service providers [2017]
    • A qualitative study of women’s and health providers’ attitudes and acceptability of mistreatment during childbirth in health facilities in Guinea [2017]
• Spain
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Obstetric Violence from a Midwife Perspective [2023]
    • Obstetric Violence in Spain (Part III): Healthcare Professionals, Times, and Areas [2021]
    • Obstetric Violence in Spain (Part II): Interventionism and Medicalization during Birth [2020]
    • Obstetric Violence in Spain (Part I): Women’s Perception and Interterritorial Differences [2020]
  • Journal of Personalized Medicine
    • Factors Associated with Postpartum Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Following Obstetric Violence: A Cross-Sectional Study [2021]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMC International Health and Human Rights
    • Disrespect and abuse of women during the process of childbirth at health facilities in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
  • Maternal and Child Health Journal
    • Experiences of Health Facility Childbirth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Evidence [2022]
  • Midwifery
    • A landscaping review of interventions to promote respectful maternal care in Africa: Opportunities to advance innovation and accountability [2022]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Midwives’ perspectives on (dis)respectful intrapartum care during facility-based delivery in sub-Saharan Africa: a qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis [2019]
• United Kingdom
  • Social Science & Medicine
    • 'My doctor just called me a good girl and I died a bit inside': From everyday misogyny to obstetric violence in UK fertility and maternity services [2024]
• United States
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Respectful Maternity Care [2024]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Vital Signs: Maternity Care Experiences — United States, April 2023 [2023]
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Disparities in Mistreatment During Childbirth [2024]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Examining respect, autonomy, and mistreatment in childbirth in the US: do provider type and place of birth matter? [2023]
• West Africa
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Comparing observed occurrence of mistreatment during childbirth with women's self-report: a validation study in Ghana, Guinea and Nigeria [2023]
    • Vaginal examinations and mistreatment of women during facility-based childbirth in health facilities: secondary analysis of labour observations in Ghana, Guinea and Nigeria [2022]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • The prevention and elimination of disrespect and abuse during childbirth [2014]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Violence against women, gender-based violence
    • Violence

Sexual violence, sexual abuse, sexual harassment

• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Disclosures of sexual abuse: what do you do next? [2015]
  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
    • National sexual violence responses [2022]
    • Sexual assault in Australia [2020]
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Clinical management of patients presenting following a sexual assault [2020]
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Performance of Sexual Assault Forensic Examinations by RANZCOG Trainees [2023]
• Bangladesh
  • Women's Health
    • Sexual violence against woman at quarantine center during coronavirus disease 2019 in Bangladesh: Risk factors and recommendations [2021]
• Belgium
  • BMC Geriatrics
    • Sexual violence in older adults: a Belgian prevalence study [2021]
  • International Journal for Equity in Health
    • Towards a more integrated and gender-sensitive care delivery for victims of sexual assault: key findings and recommendations from the Belgian sexual assault care centre feasibility study [2018]
• Brazil
  • American Journal of Men's Health
    • Prevalence, Characteristics, and Factors Associated With Sexual Violence in Adulthood Among Brazilian MSM [2022]
  • Cadernos de Saúde Pública
    • Frequency of self-reported sexual aggression and victimization in Brazil: a literature review [2016]
  • Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
    • Temporal trend of sexual violence against adolescent women in Brazil, 2011-2018 [2022]
    • Women’s protection public policies: evaluation of health care for victims of sexual violence [2017]
  • Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia
    • Trend of social iniquities in reports of sexual violence in Brazil between 2010 and 2014 [2020]
  • Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
    • Guidelines for care in sexual violence: the role of medical training [2021]
  • Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
    • Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: sexual violence [2021]
  • Revista de Saúde Pública
    • Sexual violence against men in Brazil: underreporting, prevalence, and associated factors [2023]
• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Sex Offender Treatment Programs Delivered In-Person or Virtually for Adults Convicted of Sexual Offences in Various Settings: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines [2020]
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Pharmacologic management of inappropriate sexual behaviour in long-term care residents [2023]
  • Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
    • Prevalence and Correlates of Military Sexual Trauma in Service Members and Veterans: Results From the 2018 Canadian Armed Forces Members and Veterans Mental Health Follow-up Survey [2023]
  • Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
    • Sex Trafficking of Women and Girls in Canada: A Scoping Review of the Scholarly Literature [2023]
• Democratic Republic of Congo
  • American Journal of Public Health
    • Estimates and Determinants of Sexual Violence Against Women in the Democratic Republic of Congo [2011]
  • BMC Public Health
    • A cross-sectional study of community perceptions of stigmatization amongst women affected by UN-peacekeeper perpetrated sexual exploitation and abuse [2022]
  • Violence Against Women
    • Development of an Index to Measure the Exposure Level of UN Peacekeeper-Perpetrated Sexual Exploitation/Abuse in Women/Girls in the Democratic Republic of Congo [2022]
• Developing countries
  • Forensic Science International: Synergy
    • Achieving more with less: A critical review of protocols for forensic investigation of sexual violence in low-resource environments [2020]
• East Africa
  • Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
    • A Systematic Review of Criminal Justice Initiatives to Strengthen the Criminal Investigation and Prosecution of Sexual Violence in East Africa [2024]
    • A Scoping Review on Sexual and Gender-Based Violence Medicolegal Service Provision in East Africa [2023]
• Eastern and Southern Africa
  • BMC Proceedings
    • Harmonizing national abortion and pregnancy prevention laws and policies for sexual violence survivors with the Maputo Protocol: proceedings of a 2016 regional technical meeting in sub-Saharan Africa [2018]
• Ethiopia
  • PLoS ONE
    • Predictors of sexual violence among female students in higher education institutions in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Prevalence of sexual violence in Ethiopian workplaces: systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
• France
  • PLoS ONE
    • From sexual harassment to sexual assault: Prevalence and correlates of sexual trauma in the French military [2021]
• Germany
  • Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
    • The Prevalence of Sexual Violence [2016]
• Guatemala
  • UN Women
    • Documenting good practice on accountability for conflict-related sexual violence: The Sepur Zarco case [2022]
• High-income countries
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Prevalence of Workplace Sexual Violence against Healthcare Workers Providing Home Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2020]
  • Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine
    • Lifetime sexual violence experienced by women asylum seekers and refugees hosted in high-income countries: Literature review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
    • Sextortion: A Scoping Review [2025]
• Iceland
  • Lancet Public Health
    • Risk factors for workplace sexual harassment and violence among a national cohort of women in Iceland: a cross-sectional study [2022]
• India
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Sexual violence as a predictor of unintended pregnancy among married women of India: evidence from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey (2015-16) [2022]
  • Indian Journal of Psychiatry
    • Rape: Legal issues in mental health perspective [2013]
    • Mental health assessment of rape offenders [2013]
• International
  • Archives of Sexual Behavior
    • Sexual and Dating Violence Prevention Programs for Male Youth: A Systematic Review of Program Characteristics, Intended Psychosexual Outcomes, and Effectiveness [2023]
  • BMC Public Health
    • The prevalence rate of sexual violence worldwide: a trend analysis [2020]
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Global prevalence of non-partner sexual violence against women [2024]
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
    • Psychosocial interventions for survivors of rape and sexual assault experienced during adulthood [2023]
    • Survivor, family and professional experiences of psychosocial interventions for sexual abuse and violence: a qualitative evidence synthesis [2022]
  • International Journal for Equity in Health
    • Negative consequences of conflict-related sexual violence on survivors: a systematic review of qualitative evidence [2023]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Prevalence of Sexual Abuse in Adults with Intellectual Disability: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2021]
  • International Planned Parenthood Federation
    • IMAP statement on Sexual and Gender-based violence [2020]
  • Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association
    • A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Treatments for Adolescent and Adult Sexual Assault Victims [2023]
  • Revista de Saúde Pública
    • Prevalence of sexual violence among refugees: a systematic review [2019]
  • UN Women
    • Documenting reproductive violence: Unveiling opportunities, challenges, and legal pathways for UN investigative mechanisms [2024]
    • Enhancing cooperation: Peer-to-peer learning to prevent and eliminate sexual harassment in the UN system and beyond [2023]
    • Comments on the development of a revised policy on sexual and gender-based crimes: Submission from UN Women to the Office of the Prosecutor at the International Criminal Court [2023]
  • World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry
    • The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for the treatment of adolescent sexual offenders with paraphilic disorders [2015]
• Ireland
  • Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine
    • Female adolescent sexual assault; a national review of 1014 consecutive cases [2024]
• Kenya
  • Forensic Science International: Synergy
    • Forensic observations and recommendations on sexual and gender based violence in Kenya [2019]
• Low and middle income countries
  • BMJ Open
    • Measurement and prevalence of sexual harassment in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
  • Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
    • Technology-Facilitated Sexual Violence and Abuse in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review [2024]
    • Sexual Harassment in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Qualitative Systematic Review [2023]
• Nepal
  • World Health Organization
    • Perspectives on sexual violence during early years of marriage in Nepal: findings from a qualitative study [2009]
• Netherlands
  • Journal of Interpersonal Violence
    • Prevalence Rate and Risk Factors of Sexual Assault Among University Students in the Netherlands [2023]
• New Zealand
  • American Journal of Preventive Medicine
    • Prevalence of Nonpartner Physical and Sexual Violence Against People With Disabilities [2021]
• Nigeria
  • Journal of Interpersonal Violence
    • Sexual Violence Experience Among Nigerian Girls and Young Women: What Are the Roles of Early Sexual Debut, Multiple Sex Partnerships, and Traditional Gender Role Beliefs? [2022]
• Poland
  • Ginekologia Polska
    • Recommendations of the Group of Experts of the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians regarding proceeding with victims of crimes against sexual freedom (01.01.2021) [2021]
• South Africa
  • Curationis
    • Accessing care services after sexual violence: A systematic review exploring experiences of women in South Africa [2023]
  • Médecins Sans Frontières
    • Untreated violence: Critical gaps in medical and clinical forensic care for survivors of sexual violence in South Africa [2017]
  • Sexual Violence Research Initiative
    • Sexual Violence Research Initiative
• Southern Africa
  • BMC Public Health
    • Making the invisible visible: a systematic review of sexual minority women’s health in Southern Africa [2016]
• Spain
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence of sexual harassment among young Spaniards before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown period in Spain [2022]
  • BMJ Open
    • Prevalence and associated factors with sexual violence victimisation youth before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional study in Spain [2021]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Relationship between Sexual Violence and the Health of Spanish Women-A National Population-Based Study [2023]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Forced Sexual Initiation and Early Sexual Debut and Associated Risk Factors and Health Problems Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women — Violence Against Children and Youth Surveys, Nine PEPFAR Countries, 2007–2018 [2021]
• United Kingdom
  • Archives of Sexual Behavior
    • Male Sexual Victimization by Women: Incidence Rates, Mental Health, and Conformity to Gender Norms in a Sample of British Men [2024]
  • Care Quality Commission
    • Sexual safety on mental health wards [2018]
  • Journal of Public Health
    • Sexual consent norms in a cross-sectional national sample of the UK [2023]
  • NHS England
    • Sexual safety in the NHS: survey results and update on charter implementation [2024]
    • Sexual safety charter assurance framework [2024]
    • National people sexual misconduct policy framework [2024]
    • NHS England sexual misconduct policy [2024]
    • Supporting male victims/survivors accessing a sexual assault referral centre: good practice guide [2022]
    • Strategic direction for sexual assault and abuse services [2018]
    • Public health functions to be exercised by NHS England – Service Specification: Sexual Assault Referral Centres [2018]
  • Psychological Medicine
    • Sexual abuse and psychotic phenomena: a directed acyclic graph analysis of affective symptoms using English national psychiatric survey data [2023]
  • Science & Justice
    • From crime scene to courtroom: A review of the current bioanalytical evidence workflows used in rape and sexual assault investigations in the United Kingdom [2023]
  • Scottish Government
    • Sexual Assault Response Coordination Service: guidance for healthcare professionals [2023]
    • Rape, sexual abuse or child sexual abuse medical services: guide for service providers [2019]
  • Sexual Abuse
    • Understanding Sexual Aggression in UK Male University Students: An Empirical Assessment of Prevalence and Psychological Risk Factors [2022]
• United States
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Creating Work and Learning Environments Free of Gender-Based Harassment in Pediatric Health Care [2022]
    • Prevention of Sexual Harassment in the Workplace and Educational Settings [2006]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Sexual Assault [2019]
    • Reproductive and Sexual Coercion [2013]
  • American Journal of Community Psychology
    • Diffusion effects of a sexual violence prevention program leveraging youth-adult partnerships [2023]
    • Race and the Criminal Justice System Response to Sexual Assault: A Systematic Review [2019]
  • American Journal of Preventive Medicine
    • National Prevalence of Sexual Violence by a Workplace-Related Perpetrator [2020]
  • American Journal of Public Health
    • Monitoring Sexual Violence Trends in Emergency Department Visits Using Syndromic Data From the National Syndromic Surveillance Program—United States, January 2017–December 2019 [2021]
  • American Medical Society for Sports Medicine
    • Sexual Violence in Sport: American Medical Society for Sports Medicine Position Statement [2020]
  • American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors
    • ASCLD statement on volume of untested sexual assault evidence kits [2020]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Sexual Assault and Abuse and STIs - STI Treatment Guidelines [2021]
    • Nonvoluntary or Forced Sex Among Women, by Sexual Identity, Attraction, and Behavior — National Survey of Family Growth, United States, 2011–2017 [2021]
    • Sexual Violence in the Media: An Exploration of Traditional Print Media Reporting in the United States, 2014–2017 [2020]
    • Moving Forward by Looking Back: Reflecting on a Decade of CDC's Work in Sexual Violence Prevention, 2000–2010 [2012]
    • Sexual Violence
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Trends in US Emergency Department Use After Sexual Assault, 2006-2019 [2022]
  • Journal of Interpersonal Violence
    • Prevalence and Correlates of Non-Dating Sexual Violence, Sexual Dating Violence, and Physical Dating Violence Victimization among U.S. High School Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey, United States, 2021 [2023]
  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
    • Evaluating the Effectiveness of Interventions to Prevent and Address Sexual Harassment: Proceedings of a Workshop [2021]
    • Sexual Harassment of Women: Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine [2018]
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Responding to Prenatal Disclosure of Past Sexual Abuse [2014]
  • Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
    • A Systematic Review of Specialty Courts in the United States for Adolescents Impacted by Commercial Sexual Exploitation [2023]
    • Risk and Protective Factors for Men's Sexual Violence Against Women at Higher Education Institutions: A Systematic and Meta-Analytic Review of the Longitudinal Evidence [2022]
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Office on Women's Health
    • Sexual assault and rape
  • Western Journal of Emergency Medicine
    • Emergency Department Preparedness to Care for Sexual Assault Survivors: A Nationwide Study [2023]
• Western countries
  • Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
    • Silenced Survivors: A Systematic Review of the Barriers to Reporting, Investigating, Prosecuting, and Sentencing of Adult Female Rape and Sexual Assault [2024]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Prevention and response to sexual misconduct: WHO stakeholder review conference 2023 [2024]
    • Preventing and responding to sexual misconduct: WHO’s three-year strategy 2023-2025 [2023]
    • Strengthening the medico-legal response to sexual violence [2015]
    • Worldwide prevalence of non-partner sexual violence: a systematic review [2014]
    • WHO ethical and safety recommendations for researching, documenting and monitoring sexual violence in emergencies [2007]
    • Guidelines for medico-legal care of victims of sexual violence [2003]
    • Violence Info – Sexual violence
    • Non-partner sexual violence prevalence (%)
    • Extent of implementation of medico-legal services for victims of sexual violence
• WHO Western Pacific Region
  • WHO Western Pacific Region
    • Sexual violence [2016]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Violence against women, gender-based violence
    • Violence

Violence

• Africa
  • WHO African Region
    • Violence and Health in the WHO African Region [2010]
    • Violence
• Americas
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • Violence Prevention
• Australia
  • Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
    • The Impact of COVID-19 on Trends of Violence-Related Offences in Australia [2023]
  • Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
    • Abuse and violence - Working with our patients in general practice
• Brazil
  • Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia
    • Prevalence of exposure to violence among adults - Brazil, 2019 [2021]
• Canada
  • Government of Canada
    • Violence and abuse
• Chile
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • The Epidemiology of Violent Deaths in Chile between 2001 and 2018: Prevalence, Trends, and Correlates [2022]
• Europe
  • WHO European Region
    • Violence and injuries in Europe: burden, prevention and priorities for action [2020]
    • Strategies and interventions on preventing and responding to violence and injuries among refugees and migrants: Technical guidance [2020]
    • Violence and injuries EURO
    • Violence & Injury Prevention
• International
  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
    • Community Violence as a Population Health Issue: Proceedings of a Workshop [2017]
• Latin America and the Caribbean
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • Interpersonal Youth Violence in Latin America and the English-Speaking Caribbean [2015]
• New Zealand
  • Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
    • Prevalence of interpersonal violence against women and men in New Zealand: results of a cross-sectional study [2022]
• United Kingdom
  • Department of Health and Social Care
    • Serious Violence Duty: strategic needs assessments
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Violence and aggression: short-term management in mental health, health and community settings [2015]
  • NHS England
    • NHS violence prevention and reduction standard: guidance notes [2022]
• United States
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Role of the Pediatrician in Youth Violence Prevention [2009]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Surveillance for Violent Deaths — National Violent Death Reporting System, 48 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, 2021 [2024]
    • Surveillance for Violent Deaths — National Violent Death Reporting System, 48 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, 2020 [2023]
    • Surveillance for Violent Deaths — National Violent Death Reporting System, 42 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, 2019 [2022]
    • Surveillance for Violent Deaths — National Violent Death Reporting System, 39 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, 2018 [2022]
    • Vital Signs: Prevalence of Multiple Forms of Violence and Increased Health Risk Behaviors and Conditions Among Youths — United States, 2019 [2021]
    • Surveillance for Violent Deaths — National Violent Death Reporting System, 32 States, 2016 [2019]
    • Surveillance for Violent Deaths — National Violent Death Reporting System, 27 States, 2015 [2018]
    • Surveillance for Violent Deaths — National Violent Death Reporting System, 18 States, 2014 [2018]
    • Prevalence and Characteristics of Sexual Violence, Stalking, and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization — National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, United States, 2011 [2014]
    • Violence Prevention
  • JAMA
    • Violence in the United States: Status, Challenges, and Opportunities [2015]
  • Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect
    • Practitioners’ Views on Elder Mistreatment Research Priorities: Recommendations from a Research-to-Practice Consensus Conference [2011]
  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
    • Managing, Reducing, and Preventing Fear of Violence: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief [2020]
    • Public Policy Approaches to Violence Prevention: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief [2018]
    • Identifying the Role of Violence and Its Prevention in the Post-2015 Global Agenda: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief [2018]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO Violence Prevention Unit: approach, objectives and activities, 2022-2026 [2022]
    • Tackling abuse of older people: five priorities for the United Nations Decade of Healthy Ageing (2021-2030) [2022]
    • Preventing injuries and violence: an overview [2022]
    • Violence Prevention through Multisectoral Collaboration: An International Version of the Collaboration Multiplier Tool to Prevent Interpersonal Violence [2020]
    • Addressing violence against children, women and older people during the covid-19 pandemic: Key actions [2020]
    • Strengthening the role of the health system in addressing violence, in particular against women and girls, and against children [2014]
    • Injuries and violence: the facts 2014 [2014]
    • Global status report on violence prevention 2014 [2014]
    • Violence, injuries and disability: biennial report 2010-2011 [2012]
    • Violence prevention : the evidence [2010]
    • Reducing violence through victim identification, care and support programmes [2009]
    • Changing cultural and social norms that support violence [2009]
    • Preventing violence and reducing its impact : how development agencies can help [2008]
    • Manual for estimating the economic costs of injuries due to interpersonal and self-directed violence [2008]
    • Preventing injuries and violence : a guide for ministries of health [2007]
    • Preventing violence: a guide to implementing the recommendations of the World report on violence and health [2004]
    • World report on violence and health [2002]
    • Framework guidelines for addressing workplace violence in the health sector [2002]
    • Violence prevention (Global Health Observatory)
    • Violence and harassment
    • Violence Prevention Alliance
    • Violence Info – A global knowledge platform for preventing violence
    • Preventing violence against health workers
    • Injuries and violence: Fact sheet
    • Injuries and violence
    • Extent of implementation of mental health services for victims of all types of violence
    • Building capacity for violence and injury prevention
• WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
  • WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
    • Violence, injuries and disability
    • Violence
• WHO South-East Asia Region
  • WHO South-East Asia Region
    • Fact Sheet: Violence prevention in the South-East Asia Region [2014]
• WHO Western Pacific Region
  • WHO Western Pacific Region
    • Violence in Western Pacific
    • Preventing and responding to violence and injuries
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Violence against women, gender-based violence
    • Sexual violence, sexual abuse, sexual harassment
    • Obstetric violence, mistreatment of women during childbirth
    • Domestic violence, intimate partner violence
    • Child abuse

Violence against women, gender-based violence

• Americas
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • Addressing violence against women in health policies and protocols in the Americas: A regional status report [2022]
    • Violence against women
• Arab countries
  • BMC International Health and Human Rights
    • Prevalence of intimate partner violence against women in the Arab world: a systematic review [2019]
  • United Nations Population Fund
    • Gender-Based Violence in the Context of Climate Change in the Arab Region. Review of Evidence and Pathways [2023]
    • Essential services for adolescent girls subjected to violence in the Arab region [2023]
    • A Guide to Better Understanding and Using Violence Against Women Prevalence Data [2023]
• Australia
  • Medical Journal of Australia
    • Transforming health settings to address gender-based violence in Australia [2022]
• Brazil
  • Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
    • Public health agendas addressing violence against rural women - an analysis of local level health services in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil [2015]
  • Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem
    • Time trend and spatial distribution of the cases of lethal violence against women in Brazil [2022]
• Chile
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Femicide and Attempted Femicide before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chile [2022]
• Ecuador
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Female homicides and femicides in Ecuador: a nationwide ecological analysis from 2001 to 2017 [2022]
  • International Journal for Equity in Health
    • “The devil is in the detail”: geographical inequalities of femicides in Ecuador [2021]
    • Prevalence and sociogeographical inequalities of violence against women in Ecuador: a cross-sectional study [2021]
• Ethiopia
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Gender-based violence and associated factors among female sex workers in Ethiopia. Evidence from The National Bio-behavioral Survey, 2020 [2024]
  • Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
    • Pregnancy coercion, correlates, and associated modern contraceptive use within a nationally representative sample of Ethiopian women [2022]
• Europe
  • WHO European Region
    • Responding to violence against women and children during COVID-19: impact on service provision, strategies and actions in the WHO European Region [2021]
• Germany
  • PLoS ONE
    • Sexual and reproductive health outcomes of women who experienced violence in Germany: Analysis of the German health interview and examination survey for adults (DEGS1) [2024]
• India
  • World Health Organization
    • Violence Against Women lessons from hospital interventions in Maharashtra, India [2021]
• Indonesia
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Adaptation of the RESPECT framework to prevent violence against women, Indonesia [2024]
• International
  • BMJ
    • Violence against women during covid-19 pandemic restrictions [2020]
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Mobile applications addressing violence against women: a systematic review [2020]
  • Lancet Planetary Health
    • Extreme events and gender-based violence: a mixed-methods systematic review [2022]
  • Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
    • A Medical-Legal and Psychological Systematic Review on Vitriolage Related to Gender-Based Violence [2023]
  • UN Women
    • Violence against women 60 years and older: Data availability, methodological issues, and recommendations for good practice [2024]
    • UN Women ending violence against women and girls: Knowledge products, guidance and tools, 2022–2024 [2024]
    • UN Trust Fund to End Violence Against Women annual report 2023 [2024]
    • Technology-facilitated gender-based violence: Developing a shared research agenda [2024]
    • Repository of UN Women’s work on technology-facilitated gender-based violence [2024]
    • Measuring violence against women with disability: Data availability, methodological issues, and recommendations for good practice [2024]
    • Intensification of efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women: Report of the Secretary-General (2022) [2024]
    • Together for prevention: Handbook on multisectoral national action plans to prevent violence against women and girls [2023]
    • Technology-facilitated violence against women: Taking stock of evidence and data collection [2023]
    • Tackling violence against women and girls in sport: A handbook for policy makers and sports practitioners [2023]
    • Innovation and prevention of violence against women [2023]
    • Gender-related killings of women and girls (femicide/feminicide): Global estimates of female intimate partner/family-related homicides in 2022 [2023]
    • Doing violence prevention well: Matching aspirations with funding timeframes [2023]
    • Checklist for ensuring the quality of violence against women surveys [2023]
    • Brief: The state of evidence and data collection on technology-facilitated violence against women [2023]
    • Addressing violence against women through social protection: A review of the evidence [2023]
    • Tackling violence against women and girls in the context of climate change [2022]
    • Safe consultations with survivors of violence against women and girls [2022]
    • Improving the collection and use of administrative data on violence against women [2022]
    • Gender-related killings of women and girls: Improving data to improve responses to femicide/feminicide [2022]
    • Accelerating efforts to tackle online and technology-facilitated violence against women and girls [2022]
    • UN Women impact stories: Ending violence against women [2021]
    • Handbook on gender-responsive police services for women and girls subject to violence [2021]
    • COVID-19, gender, and disability checklist: Preventing and addressing gender-based violence against women, girls, and gender non-conforming persons with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic [2021]
    • Violence against women and girls data collection during COVID-19 [2020]
    • RESPECT Women: Preventing violence against women – Implementation package [2020]
    • Brief: COVID-19 and essential services provision for survivors of violence against women and girls [2020]
    • Global Database on Violence Against Women
  • UNAIDS
    • The missing link: Rethinking and reprioritizing HIV and gender-based violence in fragile settings [2024]
  • United Nations
    • Gender Statistics - Violence against Women
  • United Nations Population Fund
    • UNFPA Strategy and Operational Plan to Scale-up and Strengthen Interventions on Gender-based Violence in Emergencies, 2023-2025: Executive Summary [2023]
    • Measuring technology-facilitated gender-based violence. A discussion paper [2023]
    • Guidance on the Safe and Ethical Use of Technology to Address Gender-based Violence and Harmful Practices: Implementation Summary [2023]
    • Briefing paper - Addressing gender-based violence against women and people of diverse gender identity and expression who use drugs [2023]
    • UNFPA Implementation of the Essential Services Package for Women and Girls Subject to Violence: A consultation report [2022]
    • Addressing Gender-Based Violence Across Contexts: Gender-Based Violence Interagency Minimum Standards and the Essential Services Package for Women and Girls Subject to Violence [2022]
    • Technology-facilitated Gender-based Violence: Making All Spaces Safe [2021]
    • Getting to Zero: Mapping UNFPA Leadership on Ending Gender-based Violence [2021]
    • Reporting on Gender-based Violence in Humanitarian Settings: A Journalist's Handbook [2020]
    • The Inter-Agency Minimum Standards for Gender-Based Violence in Emergencies Programming [2019]
    • Essential Services Package for Women and Girls Subject to Violence [2015]
  • World Bank
    • Gender Based Violence in Fragile, Conflict, and Violence Situations : Five Key Questions to be Answered [2018]
    • Violence Against Women and Girls : Disaster Risk Management Brief [2015]
• Kyrgyzstan
  • BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
    • Association between gender-based violence and hypertension among women in the Kyrgyzstan Republic [2022]
• Low and middle income countries
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Risk factors for violence against women in high-prevalence settings: a mixed-methods systematic review and meta-synthesis [2022]
  • Journal of Interpersonal Violence
    • Exposure of Women With and Without Disabilities to Violence and Discrimination: Evidence from Cross-sectional National Surveys in 29 Middle- and Low-Income Countries [2023]
  • Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
    • Gender-Based Violence Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Interventions at Structural, Community, Interpersonal, Individual, and Multiple Levels [2023]
• Nepal
  • Center for Research on Environment Health and Population Activities
    • A Study on Advancing Justice Sector Reform to Address Discrimination and Violence against Women in Four Selected Districts of Nepal [2013]
    • Violence against Marginalized Women in Nepal [2011]
  • Demographic and Health Surveys
    • Determinants of Violence Against Women Perpetrated by Intimate Partners and Nonpartners, 2022 Nepal DHS [2024]
  • Globalization and Health
    • Mitigating violence against women and young girls during COVID-19 induced lockdown in Nepal: a wake-up call [2020]
• Nigeria
  • World Bank
    • Gender-Based Violence : An Analysis of the Implications for the Nigeria for Women Project [2019]
• Nordic countries
  • Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
    • The Consequences of A History of Violence on Women's Pregnancy and Childbirth in the Nordic Countries: A Scoping Review [2024]
• Pakistan
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Gender-based violence in Pakistan and public health measures: a call to action [2022]
• Somalia
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Lifetime prevalence, correlates and health consequences of gender-based violence victimisation and perpetration among men and women in Somalia [2018]
• South Africa
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Femicide, intimate partner femicide, and non-intimate partner femicide in South Africa: An analysis of 3 national surveys, 1999-2017 [2024]
• South Sudan
  • Conflict and Health
    • Researching violence against women and girls in South Sudan: ethical and safety considerations and strategies [2019]
  • Violence Against Women
    • "If You Are Born a Girl in This Crisis, You Are Born a Problem": Patterns and Drivers of Violence Against Women and Girls in Conflict-Affected South Sudan [2022]
• Spain
  • Gaceta Sanitaria
    • Gender inequality and violence against women in Spain, 2006-2014: towards a civilized society [2016]
    • Applying the WHO recommendations on health-sector response to violence against women to assess the Spanish health system. A mixed methods approach [2014]
  • Psychological Medicine
    • Gender-based violence during COVID-19 outbreak in Spain [2023]
• Sri Lanka
  • World Health Organization
    • Country profile on gender-based violence in Sri Lanka [2018]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Associated Factors of Gender-Based Violence against Women in Sub-Saharan Africa [2021]
    • Gender Based Violence against Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies [2020]
  • Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
    • Government responses to COVID-19 and impact on GBV services and programmes: comparative analysis of the situation in South Africa, Kenya, Uganda, and Nigeria [2023]
  • Systematic Reviews
    • Gender-based violence among female youths in educational institutions of Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]
  • UC Davis Journal of International Law and Policy
    • Gender-Based Violence Laws in Ten African Countries with High HIV Prevalence and Incidence Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women [2023]
• Syria
  • United Nations Population Fund
    • An overview of gender-based violence risks in the 2023 Syria earthquake response [2023]
    • An Overview of Gender-Based Violence in Syria [2023]
• Turkey
  • PLoS ONE
    • The association between women's economic participation and physical and/or sexual domestic violence against women: A case study for Turkey [2022]
• Uganda
  • BMC Public Health
    • Vulnerability to violence against women or girls during COVID-19 in Uganda [2023]
  • World Health Organization
    • Strengthening the health system response to violence against women in Uganda [2020]
• United Kingdom
  • Public Health Scotland
    • Gender-based violence and learning disability - Guidance for practitioners [2020]
• United States
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Elder Abuse and Women’s Health [2021]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Femicide in the United States: a call for legal codification and national surveillance [2024]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Violence against women 60 years and older [2024]
    • Measuring violence against women with disability [2024]
    • Checklist for ensuring the quality of violence against women surveys [2023]
    • Improving the collection and use of administrative data on violence against women: global technical guidance [2022]
    • Gender-Based Violence: Quality assurance tool — minimum care version [2022]
    • Addressing violence against women in pre-service health training: integrating content from the Caring for women subjected to violence curriculum [2022]
    • Violence Against Women Prevalence Estimates, 2018 [2021]
    • The Gender-Based Violence Quality Assurance Tool: Facilitation guide [2021]
    • Resource package for strengthening countries’ health systems response to violence against women [2021]
    • Caring for women subjected to violence: a WHO curriculum for training health-care providers, revised edition, 2021 [2021]
    • Addressing violence against women in health and multisectoral policies: a global status report [2021]
    • Violence Against Women and Girls: Data Collection during COVID-19 [2020]
    • Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Violence against women [2020]
    • COVID-19 and violence against women [2020]
    • Violence against women: intimate partner and sexual violence against women: evidence brief [2019]
    • Violence against women: Evidence brief [2019]
    • Respect women: preventing violence against women [2019]
    • Preventing violence against women: a framework for policymakers [2019]
    • WHO: Addressing violence against women: Key achievements and priorities [2018]
    • Strengthening health systems to respond to women subjected to intimate partner violence or sexual violence: A manual for health managers [2017]
    • Global plan of action: health systems address violence against women and girls [2016]
    • Ethical and safety recommendations for intervention research on violence against women [2016]
    • Violence against women: the health sector responds [2013]
    • Global and regional estimates of violence against women [2013]
    • 16 Ideas for addressing violence against women in the context of the HIV epidemic [2013]
    • Understanding and addressing violence against women: human trafficking [2012]
    • Understanding and addressing violence against women: health consequences [2012]
    • Understanding and addressing violence against women: femicide [2012]
    • Preventing intimate partner and sexual violence against women [2010]
    • Expert meeting on health-sector responses to violence against women, 17-19 March 2009, Geneva, Switzerland [2010]
    • Addressing violence against women and HIV/AIDS: what works? [2010]
    • Promoting gender equality to prevent violence against women [2009]
    • Researching violence against women : practical guidelines for researchers and activists [2005]
    • Addressing violence against women and achieving the Millennium Development Goals [2005]
    • Violence against women: Fact sheet
    • Violence against women data
    • Violence against women and girls
    • Violence against women (Global Health Observatory)
    • Violence against women
    • Global Database on the Prevalence of Violence Against Women
• WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
  • WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
    • COVID-19 and violence against women in the Eastern Mediterranean Region [2020]
• WHO Western Pacific Region
  • WHO Western Pacific Region
    • Gender-based violence in the Western Pacific Region : a hidden epidemic? [2006]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Violence
    • Sexual violence, sexual abuse, sexual harassment
    • Obstetric violence, mistreatment of women during childbirth
    • Domestic violence, intimate partner violence